【作者】 王天宇；

【导师】 刘文涛；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 工程机械少齿差行走减速器作为行走机构的核心部件,需支撑整机重量、承受较大冲击载荷,具有大传动比和高承载能力。但这种减速器结构复杂,且不同型号间结构相似度较高,按照传统方法进行系列化设计,存在效率低且重复绘图等问题,参数化设计正是解决这类问题的有效途径。它可以定向性体现出产品结构的整个设计过程,通过参数控制来获取满足要求的设计结果,实现对目标对象的自动化设计。本文对工程机械少齿差行走减速器进行研究并搭建参数化设计系统,具体研究内容如下:首先,对减速器总体结构进行尺寸参数化分析,根据其中关键参数确定传动零件的基本参数。以此为基础,并通过对零件内部尺寸参数关系的分析,将各参数关系用包含减速器关键参数的方程式表示,通过实例并利用参数化设计方法,初步算得整机中各尺寸参数。其次,基于尺寸参数化的设计结果,完成减速器关键零件的强度参数化计算。分析齿轮副的受力,进行齿轮的强度校核;绘制驱动轴的弯矩图和扭矩图,确定驱动轴的危险截面,进行驱动轴和转臂轴承的强度校核。进一步总结归纳减速器零件强度的参数化校核计算方法,确定了现有参数化设计模式下减速器内部零件存在的不足。再次,针对参数化设计中存在的不足,以少齿差减速器两级齿轮副为研究对象,基于等强度原则建立优化设计模型,以行星轮的变位系数和齿宽作为优化设计变量,通过遗传算法求解优化模型,获得使两级齿轮强度更加均衡的优化参数数值。最后,基于优化后参数对参数化系统进行开发。利用MWorks开发参数分配和优化处理模块,实现设计参数的传递,运用C#语言开发模型自动重建模块,实现模型随设计参数的同步更新。同时采用自底向上的设计方法开发零部件自动装配模块,实现减速器各零部件的自动化装配,并利用坐标变换的原理提出一种基于角度调整的干涉消除方法,解决了齿轮类零件在装配过程中的干涉问题。最后开发工程图自动成型模块,提出一种基于“单元格”的工程图快速生成和调整方法,实现工程图的自动成型。本文搭建基于Solid Works二次开发技术的工程机械少齿差行走减速器参数化设计系统,可实现少齿差行走减速器的快速系列化设计。该项目的开展有望推动我国工程机械制造行业的技术发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the core component of the traveling mechanism,the travel reducer with small tooth difference for construction machinery needs to support the weight of the whole machine,withstand large impact loads,and has a large transmission ratio and high load-carrying capacity.However,the structure of this kind of reducer is complicated,and the structure similarity between different models is high.According to the traditional method of serial design,there are problems such as low efficiency and repeated drawing.Parametric design is an effective way to solve such problems.It can directionally reflect the entire design process of the product structure,obtain the design results that meet the requirements through parameter control,and realize the automatic design of the target object.This paper conducts research on construction machinery less tooth difference travel reducer and builds a parametric design system.The specific research contents are as follows:Firstly,carry out dimension parametric analysis on the overall structure of the reducer,and determine the basic parameters of the transmission parts according to the key parameters.Based on this,and through the analysis of the relationship between the internal size parameters of the parts,the relationship of each parameter is expressed by the equation containing the key parameters of the reducer.Through examples and using the parametric design method,the size parameters of the whole machine are preliminarily calculated.Secondly,based on the size parameterized design results,the strength parameterized calculation of the key parts of the reducer is completed.Analyze the force of the gear pair and check the strength of the gear;draw the bending moment diagram and torque diagram of the drive shaft,determine the dangerous section of the drive shaft,and check the strength of the drive shaft and the arm bearing.The parametric check calculation method for the strength of reducer parts is further summarized,and the deficiencies of the internal parts of the reducer under the existing parametric design mode are determined.Thirdly,aiming at the deficiencies in the parametric design,the two-stage gear pair of the reducer with small tooth difference is taken as the rese arch object,and the optimal design model is established based on the principle of equal strength,and the variation coefficient and tooth width of the planetary gear are used as the optimal design variables.The genetic algorithm solves the optimization m odel,and obtains the optimized parameter values that make the strength of the two-stage gears more balanced.Finally,the parametric system is developed based on the optimized parameters.Use MWorks to develop parameter allocation and optimization proce ssing modules to realize the transfer of design parameters,and use C# language to develop model automatic reconstruction modules to realize the synchronous update of the model with the design parameters.At the same time,the bottom-up design method is used to develop the automatic assembly module of parts to realize the automatic assembly of reducer parts,and the principle of coordinate transformation is used to propose an interference elimination method based on angle adjustment,which solves the problem of gear parts in the assembly process interference problem.Finally,the automatic forming module of engineering drawings is developed,and a method of rapid generation and adjustment of engineering drawings based on "cells" is proposed to realize the automatic forming of engineering drawings.This paper builds a parametric design system for construction machinery small tooth difference travel reducer based on the secondary development technology of Solid Works,which can realize the rapid serial design of small tooth difference travel reducer.The project is expected to promote the technological development of my country’s construction machinery manufacturing industry.更多还原