【作者】 孙珊珊；

【导师】 朱加凤；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 探究中国传统文化,墨子思想是传统文化的重要组成部分,特别是伦理道德思想是中国传统文化中的瑰宝,具有前瞻性和进步性。由于我们国家完整的伦理道德体系尚未完全建立,社会中仍然存在伦理道德失范等问题,因此挖掘墨子伦理思想的精华对于构建中国特色伦理道德体系和解决道德滑坡问题具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。本文结合文献史料,运用逻辑与历史统一的方法对墨子道德思想进行了系统性的研究。首先,论文从墨子道德观形成的社会背景和思想渊源入手,着重分析了墨子道德观产生的哲学基础。其次,系统梳理了墨子道德观四个方面的主要内容,并多角度地分析了墨子道德思想的理论地位。再次,通过将墨子与孔子、老子、韩非子道德思想加以比较,揭示了墨子道德思想的主要特点。将墨子道德思想与马克思主义道德思想进行比较研究,在两者的对比中发掘其区别与联系,并以马克思主义道德观为考察标准和衡量尺度对墨子道德观进行审视,发掘其中的合理因素和局限性。通过全面的评析为研究墨子道德思想的中绝与复苏奠定基础。最后,通过分析当代的道德滑坡现象,阐明墨子道德观对现代伦理建设的重要意义和当代价值。论文的特色和创意是:其一,本文从哲学基础、思想内容、理论地位以及评析与启示等不同方面,对墨子道德观进行了全方位的分析和论述,研究具有系统性和时代感。其二,通过将墨子与孔子、老子、韩非子等先秦诸子的道德观加以比较,概括出其平等性、务实性、理想性三个显著特点。其三,进而将墨子道德观同马克思主义道德观进行深入比较,揭示其对主体性的肯定、对求利的肯定和对自然的保护等合理因素,指出其对人的价值的忽视以及道德选择的强制性等历史局限性。其四,在此基础上,发掘墨子道德观的当代价值,从其修身道德、处世道德、为政道德和尊天道德四个方面,阐明其对当代中国和世界发展的积极意义和借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exploring traditional Chinese culture,the thought of Mozi is an important part of traditional culture,especially the thought of ethics and morality is a treasure of traditional Chinese culture,which is forward-looking and progressive.Since a complete ethical and moral system has not yet been fully established in our country and there are still problems of ethical and moral misconduct in our society,unearthing the essence of Mozi’s ethical thinking is an important inspiration and reference for building an ethical and moral system with Chinese characteristics and solving the problem of moral slippage.This paper combines documentary and historical sources and uses methods such as logical and historical unification to conduct a systematic study of Mozi’s moral thought.Firstly,the thesis starts from the social background and ideological origins of the formation of Mozi’s morality,and focuses on the philosophical basis on which Mozi’s morality arose.Secondly,the main contents of the four aspects of Mozi’s moral concept are systematically sorted out,and the theoretical status of Mozi’s moral thought is analysed from multiple perspectives.Again,by comparing Mozi’s moral thought with that of Confucius,Laozi and Han Feizi,the main features of Mozi’s moral thought are revealed.A comparative study of Mozi’s moral thought and Marxist moral thought is conducted to discover the differences and connections between the two,and to examine Mozi’s moral thought using Marxist moral thought as the standard and measure to discover its reasonable factors and limitations.Through a comprehensive review,the foundation is laid for the study of the moral thought of Mozi in its middle extinction and recovery.Finally,through an analysis of the contemporary phenomenon of moral slippage,the importance and contemporary value of Mozi’s moral outlook for modern ethical construction is clarified.The special features and creativity of the thesis are: firstly,this paper analyses and discusses Mozi’s moral outlook in a comprehensive manner from different aspects such as philosophical foundation,ideological content,theoretical status as well as evaluation and revelation,and the study is systematic and contemporary.Secondly,by comparing Mozi’s moral outlook with that of Confucius,Laozi,Han Feizi and other pre-Qin scholars,the paper outlines three distinctive features:equality,pragmatism and idealism.Thirdly,it goes on to compare Mozi’s moral outlook with that of Marxism in depth,revealing its affirmation of subjectivity,its affirmation of the pursuit of profit and its protection of nature as reasonable factors.It also points out its historical limitations,such as its neglect of human values and the compulsory nature of moral choices.Fourthly,on this basis,the contemporary value of Mozi’s moral values is explored.The four aspects of Mozi’s morality,namely morality in cultivating oneself,morality in dealing with the world,morality in government,and morality in respecting heaven,are used to illustrate its positive significance and usefulness for contemporary development in China and the world.更多还原