【作者】 刘博；

【导师】 杨彪；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 在人类太空探索事业快速发展、中国自主空间站即将完成在轨建造的大背景下,本文选择以“地外建筑”这个在建筑学科未来发展方向上极具探索潜力的领域展开,研究内容主要聚焦于如何提升在轨空间站光环境的适人性。世界各国在空间站建设、运行过程中对预防、解决适人性问题都有着明确的要求,但是相关的研究还有待深入,其中对于在轨空间站内光环境适人性的评价方法、针对各光环境适人性要素的定性、定量实验及影响机制研究更是亟待解决的研究内容。本文分析梳理了现有研究及实验结论中各光环境变量对适人性指标的影响,确立了模拟实验中所需测量的包括视觉分辨力、距离感知、情绪及警觉度在内的各项指标;同时深入比较空间站环境与地球环境的不同,并针对失重、视知觉变化等方面总结现有的太空环境地面模拟实验方法及结论,为建立空间站光环境地面模拟实验室奠定了理论基础;随后通过对三个不同时期的空间站进行了细致的分析对比,明确了在接下来的研究与设计中,应当注重以现有的空间结构为骨架,搭建空间站光环境地面模拟实验的场地,进行更加细致、全面、量化的光环境适人性实验验证。以上研究内容为进行下一步的实验奠定了理论基础。本研究在实验室条件下对上述各项光环境适人性指标进行了严谨的科学验证。实验共选取了20名被试者进行随机对照实验,每位被试者需要在三种姿态(站立、平躺、-6°头低位卧床)下各经历六种不同的照明条件,同时被试者被要求在各照明条件下完成既定的任务。实验对一些缺乏研究的假设做出了验证,如验证了对于中小尺度的距离的感知在不同的光环境中并不会受到姿态改变的影响。本次实验的结论也对“地外建筑”设计中的人因照明提供了一些有价值的设计指导,如在多项主观评价项目上发现了不同姿态间受光环境的影响存在差异。在结合文献综述、空间站光环境需求梳理以及光环境适人性实验的结果的前提下,本文概括提炼出生活场景、工作场景、特殊需求场景三大类十一小类在轨空间站典型场景,并有针对性地进行了面向适人性的光环境优化和改造,为“地外建筑”的发展补充了新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the rapid development of space exploration and the construction of China’s Tiangong space station,this paper chooses "Extraterrestrial Architecture" as a field with great potential for future development in the discipline of architecture and focuses on how to improve the suitability of the light environment in orbiting space stations.In the process of space station construction and operation,countries all over the world have clear requirements to prevent and solve the problem of humanity,but the relevant research still needs to be in-depth,among which the evaluation method for the fitness of the light environment in the orbiting space station,the qualitative and quantitative experiments for each element of the light environment and the influence mechanism research are the most urgent research content to be solved.This study analyse and sort out the effects of the existing studies and experimental findings on the human suitability indexes,and establish the indexes including visual discrimination,distance perception,emotion and alertness that need to be measured in the simulation experiments.Finally,through a detailed analysis and comparison of three space stations of different periods,it is clear that in the next research and design,we should focus on the existing space structure as the skeleton to build the space station light environment ground simulation experiment site,and conduct more detailed,comprehensive and quantitative experimental verification of light environment suitability for human nature.These studies provide the theoretical basis for conducting the next experiments.In this study,rigorous scientific validation of the light environment suitability indexes inducted from the above conclusions was conducted under lighting laboratory conditions.A total of 20 volunteers were selected for the randomized control experiment,and each volunteer was required to experience six different lighting conditions in three postures(standing,lying down,and-6° HDT)in turn,while the volunteers were asked to complete a given task under each lighting condition.The experiments tested some of the most under-researched hypotheses,such as the fact that the perception of small and medium scale distances is not affected by changes in posture in different lighting environments.The findings of this experiment also provide valuable design guidance for human factors lighting in the design of "Extraterrestrial Architecture",such as the finding of differences between different postures influenced by the light environment on several subjective evaluation items.Finally,on the premise of combining literature review,space station light environment demand sorting and light environment suitability experiments,this paper summarizes and refines eleven sub-categories of typical scenes in orbiting space stations in three categories: living scenes,working sc enes,and special needs scenes,and carries out targeted light environment optimization and modification for suitability,bringing a new approach to the development of "space architecture This paper brings new ideas to the development of " Extraterrestrial Architecture".更多还原