【作者】 李文娟；

【导师】 金虹；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 热环境、声环境、光环境是建筑室内物理环境的主要构成要素,这些环境因素共同影响着使用者的环境、情绪、健康、以及学习状态等感知。学习空间是大学生校园生活中的主要活动空间,大学生的学习、工作等行为均发生在学习空间当中。同时由于严寒地区的气候特性,冬季寒冷漫长,采暖期6个月左右,校园生活中的室外活动大大减少,人们约有半年以上时间主要是在封闭的室内度过的。因此对严寒地区冬季学习空间的物理环境研究十分必要。为了探究当前严寒城市学习空间冬季物理环境对人体感知的影响,以及不同环境感知之间、环境舒适度与其他感知之间的关系,本研究在冬季调研了学习空间的温度、照度、声压级的变化范围,将实测数据与既往研究以及国家规范相结合,进而分别确定温度、声压级、照度的取值参数,选取了27种不同的环境条件对30名青年受试者进行受控实验。结果表明:热环境感知仅受到温度的影响,在中性温度环境中评价最好。声环境感知中,所有感知因素均受到声压级的影响,声压级越低声环境感知评价越好;主观响度、声舒适、声期待受到温度的影响,在偏热环境中评价较差;声接受度受到照度的影响,在偏亮的光照环境中声接受度较低。光环境感知中,所有感知因素均受到照度的影响,偏暗与中性光照环境中舒适度与接受度评价相差不大,但在偏亮的光照环境中的评价明显较差;光照强度、光舒适、光期待均受到温度的影响,在偏热环境中评价显著较差;光照强度、光舒适、光接受度均受到声压级的影响,在偏安静的声音环境中评价较好。整体环境舒适度受热环境、声环境、光环境的共同作用,其中声环境的影响最大,在22℃、35d B、100lux的环境中整体舒适度最高。在不同环境感知之间的关联性研究中可以发现同种环境因素的环境感知评价之间的关联性较强,其中声环境感知因素之间的相关性最强。所有情绪感知均受到物理环境的影响,主要影响的是情绪的效价。生理参数仅受温度的影响,偏热环境中心率较高,偏冷环境中血压较高;主观健康感知受到物理环境的影响,偏热的温度环境、偏响亮的声音环境、偏亮的光照环境都会加重病态建筑综合症的症状。三种学习状态感知均受到三种物理环境因素的影响,中性温度环境、安静的声环境及偏暗的照度环境中感知评分较高。在环境舒适度与情绪、健康、学习状态感知的关系研究中可以发现,所有情绪均与环境舒适度存在显著相关关系,积极情绪与环境舒适度呈正相关关系,消极情绪与环境舒适度呈负相关关系。三种生理参数与热舒适均存在显著相关关系,心率与光舒适存在显著的负相关关系。三种学习状态感知与所有环境感知均存在显著的正相关关系,其中与整体舒适的相关性最强。本文研究了不同物理环境下人的环境、情绪、健康以及学习状态的感知,系统讨论了环境感知之间以及环境舒适度与情绪、健康、学习状态感知的关系。为多环境因素影响下的感知研究提供了参考,同时为学习空间物理环境的设计提供了指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thermal,acoustic and light environments are the main components of the building’s indoor physical environment,which together affect the user’s perception of the environment,emotions,health and learning status.The study space is the main activity space in the campus life of university students,and the study and work behaviour of university students all take place in the study space.At the same time,due to the climatic characteristics of cold regions,the winter is long and cold,and the heating period is about 6 months,outdoor activities in campus life are greatly reduced,and people spend more than half of the time mainly in the closed indoor.It is therefore essential to study the physical environment of winter learning spaces in austere regions.In order to investigate the effects of the winter physical environment on human perception in current cold urban learning spaces and the relationship between different environmental perceptions and between environmental comfort and other perceptions,this study investigated the range of variation in temperature,illumination and sound pressure levels in learning spaces during winter,combined the measured data with previous studies and national norms,and then determined the parameters for temperature,sound pressure level and illumination respectively,and selected Twenty-seven different environmental conditions were selected for controlled experiments with 30 young subjects.The results show that the perception of the thermal environment was only influenced by temperature and was best evaluated in a neutral temperature environment.In the acoustic environment perception,all perceptual factors were affected by sound pressure level,and the lower the sound pressure level the better the acoustic environment perception was evaluated;subjective loudness,acoustic comfort and acoustic expectation were affected by temperature,and were evaluated poorly in the hot environment;acoustic receptivity was affected by illumination,and was evaluated poorly in the bright light environment.In the light environment perception,all perceptual factors are influenced by illumination,and there is little difference between comfort and acceptance ratings in dark and neutral light environments,but ratings are significantly worse in brighter light environments;light intensity,light comfort,and light expectation are all influenced by temperature,and ratings are significantly worse in hotter environments;light intensity,light comfort,and light acceptance are all influenced by sound pressure level,and ratings are better in quieter sound environments Light intensity,light comfort and light acceptance are all influenced by sound pressure level and are rated better in quiet sound environments.Overall environmental comfort is influenced by the combined effect of thermal,acoustic and light environments,with the acoustic environment having the greatest effect,with the highest overall comfort rating in an environment of 22°C,35 d B and 100 lux.A study of correlations between different environmental perceptions reveals strong correlations between environmental perception evaluations of the same environmental factors,with the strongest correlations between perceived factors of the acoustic environment,and a consistency between the evaluations of subjective loudness and acoustic comfort,acoustic acceptability and acoustic expectation in the learning space.All mood perceptions were influenced by the physical environment,with the main influence being the potency of mood.Physiological parameters were only influenced by temperature,with higher heart rates in hotter environments and higher blood pressure in colder environments;subjective health perceptions were only dry eyes not influenced by temperature,dry mouth and nasal congestion not influenced by sound pressure levels,and cold symptoms not influenced by illumination,with significant effects between all other physical environment factors and perceptions,with hotter temperature environments,louder sound environments,and brighter light environments all exacerbating pathological building syndrome symptoms.All three learning state perceptions were influenced by all three physical environmental factors,with higher perception scores in neutral temperature environments,quiet sound environments and darker illumination environments.In the study of the relationship between environmental comfort and perceptions of mood,health and learning status,it was found that all moods were significantly correlated with environmental comfort,with positive moods being more pronounced in comfortable physical environments and negative moods being more pronounced in uncomfortable physical environments.All three physiological parameters were significantly correlated with thermal comfort,with blood pressure decreasing when thermal comfort increased,and light comfort was significantly and negatively correlated with heart rate,with heart rate increasing when light comfort decreased.All three learning performance perceptions were significantly and positively correlated with all environmental perceptions,with the strongest correlation being with overall comfort,followed by acoustic comfort,and increasing the comfort level of overall comfort and acoustic comfort could significantly improve the user’s perception of learning status.This paper systematically discusses the relationship between environmental perceptions and between environmental comfort and perceptions of emotions,health and learning states by studying human perceptions of environment,emotions,health and learning states in different physical environments.It provides a reference for the study of perceptions under the influence of multiple environmental factors,as well as a guide for the design of physical environments in learning spaces.更多还原