【作者】 张宇；

【导师】 刘智勇；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 公共管理， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 重大传染病疫情作为一种典型的突发公共卫生事件,其在影响范围、危害程度、应对难度上远超一般性突发事件,应急管理面临跨主体、跨时间、跨空间、跨领域的严峻挑战。处于风险社会的中国,为了有效应对未来各种不确定、不可知的重大传染病疫情,必须加快构建起综合协同的重大传染病疫情防控体系。综合协同的应急管理,本质上是一种整体性治理,强调多领域、全链路的平衡治理,能够克服传统应急管理存在的单一化、静态化、分散化倾向,体现了应急管理在哲学思维、制度安排、流程整合和科学方法上的变革创新。尽管我国的公共卫生应急管理体系和能力建设已经取得显著成绩,尤其是经受住了新冠肺炎疫情的大考,但也暴露出在应对重大传染病疫情方面的短板、漏洞、弱项。而这些不足恰恰涉及疫情防控在主体之间、过程之间、城乡之间、区域之间、手段之间的问题,本质上是综合协同能力不够强的问题。建设优化综合协同的重大传染病疫情防控体系,回应了公共卫生应急管理的特殊需求,反映了公共卫生应急管理的发展方向。对此,本研究以整体性治理理论、协同治理理论为理论支撑,探讨分析了作为一种思想和实践模式的综合协同与重大传染病疫情防控体系优化之间的内在关系,并结合疫情防控体系建设的要求,从主体联动、过程衔接、空间配置、手段应用四个维度,构建起重大传染病疫情防控体系优化的逻辑分析框架。在文献研究、归纳演绎研究和访谈研究的基础上,从综合协同视角出发,指出当前我国重大传染病疫情防控体系存在的问题,即疫情防控的主体联动不顺畅、疫情防控的过程衔接不到位、疫情防控的空间配置不平衡、疫情防控的手段应用欠科学。本研究进而剖析这些问题产生的根源,主要包括:总体规划不完备、现有体制实施的局限性、多主体协同机制不健全、全过程运行机制不完善。针对以上原因,本研究围绕加强规划引领、强化主体联动、促进过程有序、坚持多维统筹四个方面提出优化重大传染病疫情防控体系的对策建议,为提升我国防范化解重大公共卫生风险的能力水平提供借鉴参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a typical public health emergency,major infectious disease epidemics far exceed ordinary emergencies in terms of scope of impact,degree of harm,and difficulty of response.Emergency management faces formidable challenges that span subjects,time,space,and domains.To effectively respond to various uncertain and unknowable major infectious disease epidemics in the future,China,which is a risk society,must accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive and collaborative major infectious disease epidemic prevention and control system.Comprehensive and collaborative emergency management is essentially a kind of holistic governance,emphasizing balanced governance in multiple fields and full links.It can overcome the single,static,and decentralized tendencies of traditional emergency management and reflects the trend of public health emergency management.Although my country’s public health emergency management system and capacity building have made remarkable achievements,especially withstanding the test of the COVID-19 epidemic,it has also exposed my country’s shortcomings,loopholes,and weaknesses in responding to major infectious disease epidemics.These shortcomings precisely involve problems between subjects,processes,urban and rural areas,regions,and means of epidemic prevention and control.In essence,they are problems of insufficient comprehensive and collaborative capabilities.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the optimization approach of my country’s major infectious disease epidemic prevention and control system from a comprehensive and collaborative perspective.In this regard,this study is grounded in theories of holistic governance and collaborative governance,aiming to analyze the applicability relationship between comprehensive and collaborative ideas,mechanisms,and the objectives and system construction of preventing and controlling major infectious disease outbreaks.From the perspectives of stakeholder linkage,process integration,spatial equilibrium,and methodological application,a logical analytical framework is constructed for optimizing the prevention and control system of major infectious disease epidemics.Based on literature,case and interview research,and guided by comprehensive and collaborative thinking,this paper points out the existing problems in my country’s current major infectious disease epidemic prevention and control system,that is,the main linkage of epidemic prevention and control is not smooth,and the epidemic prevention and control process is not well connected.The spatial allocation of epidemic prevention and control is unbalanced,and the application of epidemic prevention and control methods is not scientific.This study further analyzes the root causes of these problems,specifically involving many aspects such as planning and management of epidemic prevention and control,existing systems,coordination mechanisms,whole-process response systems,and multi-dimensional coordination.Given the above reasons,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing my country’s major infectious disease epidemic prevention and control system from four aspects: strengthening planning guidance,promoting process connection,strengthening subject linkage,and completing multi-dimensional coordination,to promote the improvement of my country’s major infectious disease epidemic prevention and control system.comprehensive and collaborative optimization provides a reference for improving my country’s ability and level to respond to major public health emergencies.更多还原