济南市中心城区建成区时空演变特征及功能区识别研究

【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 崔东旭；

【作者基本信息】 山东建筑大学 ， 城乡规划学， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济社会的发展,城市化发展水平不断提高,城市空间发展已由增量扩张转为存量优化。科学分析城市外部时空演变特征及了解城市内部功能和空间结构,对于把握城市空间发展规律特征,推动城市高质量发展,促进城市用地效率提升及资源合理分配具有重要意义。城市中心城区是城市最复杂、最多元的区域,人口高度密集,是城市规划的核心,其发展建设直接影响到整个城市的面貌。本研究从济南市中心城区的建成区时空演变特征和内部功能区识别研究入手,梳理了2000-2020年济南市中心城区建成区的时空演变脉络,总结了城市建成区扩张特征,分析了造成这种演变的驱动性因素和限制性因素。在此基础上又对济南市中心城区内部功能区的分布特征进行研究,识别城市单一功能区和混合功能区,探究城市空间结构特征,提出了引导城市内涵式绿色健康发展的策略。主要研究内容和成果如下:首先,对济南市中心城区建成区城市空间形态扩张形态及影响因素进行研究。以济南市中心城区的遥感影像为基础,结合2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年5个时期的中国科学院资源与环境科学数据及相关的地理信息数据,探究济南市中心城区建成区扩张的时空演化特征。在时序演化特征分析中,主要采用扩张速率、扩张强度、扩张动态度等方法对上述5期的建成区扩张情况进行研究。在空间演变特征分析中,采用核密度分析、重心转移模型、标准差椭圆分析法、等扇形分析法等探究济南市中心城区建成区空间格局变化情况,分析导致其空间扩张的驱动性因素和限制性因素。研究结果表明:济南市中心城区建成区在2000-2005年处于缓慢扩张阶段,在2005-2010年建成区扩展的规模、速度及强度均达到最大值,建成区处于高速扩张的阶段,2010-2020年济南市中心城区建成区扩展的规模、速度及强度较前一阶段度均有所下降,城市空间布局进入优化调整布局阶段。研究期内,济南市逐渐发展为“带型城市”,建成区的重心向北偏东方向迁移,且济南市中心城区建成区向东扩张最为明显,外延式的扩展形态导致济南市中心城区城市形态复杂,城市空间紧凑度较差。济南市中心城区建成区扩张演变是城市发展政策、道路交通条件、经济社会发展、自然地理环境以及生态环境等多种因素共同作用的结果。其次,定量识别济南市中心城区的用地功能,探究城市功能区的空间结构特征。在空间分布特征上,利用核密度分析法对不同功能的POI数据进行研究,分析各功能要素的空间布局特征。在功能区识别中,利用POI数据和OSM道路网数据识别城市单一功能区和混合功能区,分析其空间结构特征。研究结果表明:济南市中心城区的居住功能、商业功能、公共管理与公共服务功能及绿地与开敞空间功能在中城片区的老城区存在明显集聚分布特征,自老城区向外围集聚程度表现出由集聚到离散的空间特征,而工业功能则离散式分布在中心城区的外围,道路交通功能则离散式分布在道路交通设施附近。研究识别了济南市中心城区的城镇空间、农业空间以及生态空间,在此基础上识别了城市单一功能区和混合功能区,识别结果总体精度为80.00%,Kappa系数为0.63,精度较高,结合济南市遥感影像图对识别结果进行了对比验证,达到了高度的一致性水平,识别结果较为可靠。最后,总结济南市中心城区城市形态以及空间结构存在的问题,提出未来济南市的发展应通过发挥规划政策的调控作用、优化城市内部的存量空间、合理规划城市功能布局并加强道路交通系统的便捷连接作能力等策略,加强济南市中心城区各组团之间的联系,严控城市无序扩张,实现城市空间的合理布局,实现城市土地集约节约利用,高质量推动新型城镇化建设。本研究分析2000年到2020年的济南市中心城区建成区空间扩张情况,反映了城市空间格局演变特征,体现了济南市历史变迁过程,揭示了城市空间发展规律。通过识别济南市内部空间结构和城市功能区类型,为济南市未来城市规划和城市建设发展提供科学参考和合理建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of our country’s economy and society,the level of urban development has continuously improved,and the development of urban spaces has shifted from expansion of quantity to optimization of stock.Scientific analysis of the external spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cities and understanding of the internal functions and spatial structure of cities are of great significance for grasping the regular features of urban spatial development,promoting high-quality urban development,enhancing the efficiency of urban land use,and facilitating the rational allocation of resources.The central urban area is the most complex and diverse area of a city,with a highly concentrated population and is the core of urban planning.Its development and construction directly affect the appearance of the entire city.This study begins with the research on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and internal functional zone identification of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan,sorts out the spatiotemporal evolution context of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan from2000 to 2020,summarizes the expansion characteristics of the urban built area,and analyzes the driving and restrictive factors that have led to this evolution.On this basis,the study further researches the distribution characteristics of the internal functional zones in the central urban area of Jinan,identifies the single functional zones and mixed functional zones of the city,explores the spatial structure characteristics of the city,and proposes strategies for guiding the city towards green and healthy development internally.The main research contents and results are as follows:First,the study analyses the expansion form and influencing factors of the urban spatial form of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan.Based on the remote sensing images of the central urban area of Jinan,combined with the resource and environmental science data from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and related geographical information data from five periods in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,the study explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the expansion of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan.In the analysis of the temporal evolution characteristics,methods such as expansion rate,expansion intensity,and expansion dynamics are mainly used to study the expansion of the built area in these five periods.In the analysis of spatial evolution characteristics,methods such as kernel density analysis,center of gravity shift model,standard deviational ellipse,and radial sector analysis are used to explore the changes in the spatial pattern of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan and to analyze the driving and restrictive factors leading to its spatial expansion.The research results show that the built area in the central urban area of Jinan was in a slow expansion phase from 2000 to 2005,reached the maximum value in scale,speed,and intensity of the built area expansion from 2005 to 2010,was in a phase of rapid expansion,and from 2010 to 2020,the scale,speed,and intensity of the built area expansion in the central urban area of Jinan all declined compared to the previous phase,and the city’s spatial layout entered an optimization adjustment stage.During the study period,Jinan gradually developed into a "belted city," with the centroid of the built area shifting to the northeast direction,and the expansion to the east of the central urban area of Jinan being the most evident,leading to a complex urban form and poor spatial compactness of the central urban area of Jinan.The expansion and evolution of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan are the results of the combined effects of urban development policies,road traffic conditions,economic and social development,natural geographical environment,and ecological environment.Second,the study quantitatively identifies the land use functions of the central urban area of Jinan and explores the spatial structure characteristics of the functional zones in the city.In terms of spatial distribution,the study uses kernel density analysis to research the POI data of different functions,analyzing the spatial layout characteristics of each functional element.In functional zone identification,POI data and OSM road network data are used to identify the city’s single functional zones and mixed functional zones,analyzing their spatial structure characteristics.The research results show that the residential function,commercial function,public management and service function,and green and open space function in the central urban area of Jinan have a clear agglomeration distribution characteristic in the old city area in the central district,showing a spatial characteristic from agglomeration to dispersion from the old city area to the periphery,while the industrial function is dispersed around the periphery of the central urban area,and the road traffic function is dispersed near the road traffic facilities.The study identified the urban space,agricultural space,and ecological space in the central urban area of Jinan,and on this basis,identified the city’s single functional zones and mixed functional zones,with an overall accuracy of 80.00% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.63,indicating high accuracy,and the identification results were compared and verified with Jinan’s remote sensing images,achieving a high level of consistency,making the identification results reliable.Lastly,the study summarizes the problems existing in the urban form and spatial structure of the central urban area of Jinan and proposes that the future development of Jinan should focus on leveraging the regulatory role of planning policies,optimizing the stock space within the city,planning the urban functional layout reasonably,and enhancing the convenient connection of the road traffic system,among other strategies.It emphasizes strengthening the links between different groups within the central urban area of Jinan,strictly controlling the disorderly expansion of the city,achieving a rational layout of urban space,realizing the intensive and economical use of urban land,and promoting the construction of new urbanization with high quality.This study analyzes the spatial expansion of the built area in the central urban area of Jinan from 2000 to 2020,reflects the characteristics of urban spatial pattern evolution,embodies the historical changes of Jinan,and reveals the rules of urban spatial development.By identifying the internal spatial structure and types of urban functional zones in Jinan,the study provides scientific references and rational suggestions for the future urban planning and urban construction development of Jinan.更多还原