【作者】 张媛媛；

【导师】 张汉鹏；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 工商管理（MBA）（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 我国的融资租赁发展起步于20世纪80年代,20世纪90年曾遭遇严重的信用风险危机,大面积的承租人违约导致大量融资租赁公司破产。原因主要在于当时融资租赁在我国发展时间较短,对承租人的信用风险管理不够重视,也缺乏承租人信用风险的有效管理手段。截至2022年底,我国融资租赁合同余额达5.85万亿元,融资租赁公司数量达9,840家。J融资租赁公司于2018年成立,截至2022年底资产总额29.78亿元,预计2025年底资产规模将突破100亿元。做大资产规模,势必是增加项目投放、扩大投放范围、多样化投放群体的过程,这就对J公司的承租人信用风险管理提出了更高的要求。为了高质量完成十四五战略规划目标,J融资租赁公司需要在快速发展的同时有效把控风险,深刻剖析在承租人信用风险管理方面存在的问题,并及时有效地进行优化整改,建立起科学、合理、有效的承租人信用风险管理体系。本文以J融资租赁公司为研究对象,首先梳理了国内外研究现状及信息不对称理论、内部控制理论、信用风险管理理论的内容。然后对J融资租赁公司的承租人信用风险的管理现状进行阐述,从内部环境、风险评估、控制活动、信息与沟通、内部监督五个方面展开,将笔者工作中发现的问题结合访谈调查进行提炼:内部环境的内部治理结构不健全、人力资源政策不完善、风险管理文化缺失、相关人员不具备专业胜任能力问题;风险评估的风险审查不全面、风险评估模型不科学、风险应对措施不到位、风险监控不尽责问题;控制活动的不相容职务未分离、财产保护制度不健全问题;信息与沟通的内部信息系统流程滞后、信息不对称、未建立反舞弊机制问题;内部监督机制的滞后与失效问题。为解决承租人信用风险管理的问题,本文以内部控制五要素及减少信息不对称为出发点,从内部环境、风险评估、控制活动、信息与沟通、内部监督五个方面提出优化方案。优化方案包括:通过完善治理结构、优化绩效考核机制、营造全员风险管理文化、提升相关人员风险管理水平来优化公司内部环境,通过风险识别、评估、应对、监控的优化来完善风险评估机制,通过调整公司机构设置及人员安排、建立资产评估与处置制度实现控制活动的优化,通过完善信息管理系统来加强信息沟通,通过扩大内部监督范围、提升内部监督质量、提高内部检查频次来健全内部监督机制。这些优化方案对J融资租赁公司在融资租赁行业内长期稳定发展至关重要,也能为其他同业公司的承租人信用风险管理优化提供一定参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The financial leasing industry in China started in the early 1980 s,but it suffered a terrible credit risk crisis in the 1990s: a large number of lessees broke the financial leasing contracts,which led to the bankruptcy of abundant financial leasing companies.Because of the short period of development for the financial leasing industry in China,financial leasing companies did not pay enough attention to tenant credit risk management and they were lack of effective measures.At of the end of2022,the balance of financing lease contracts in China reached 5.85 trillion yuan,and the number of financing lease companies reached 9,840.J Financial Leasing Company was established in 2018,with a total asset value of 2.978 billion yuan by the end of 2022.It is expected that the asset size will exceed 10 billion yuan by the end of 2025.The increase of asset scale,must be a process of the increment of project,expansion of goal range,diversity of customers,which raises higher requirements for tenant credit risk management.In order to achieve the goals of the14 th Five Year Plan with high quality,J Financial Leasing Company needs to control risks effectively while developing rapidly.Therefore,they are supposed to analyze the problems in tenant credit risk management profoundly,rectify and reform timely and build a scientific,reasonable,efficient tenant credit risk management system.The thesis takes J Financial Leasing Company as the research object,firstly the author hackles the research progress in the world and the contents of the internal control theory,the credit risk management theory and asymmetric information theory.Then the author introduces existing circumstances of tenant credit risk management of J Financial Leasing Company,focusing on internal environment,risk evaluation,control activities,information and communication,internal supervision.And problems are found out through interview survey and the author’s working experience: in the aspect of internal environment,problems are incomplete internal governance structure and human resource policy,lacking risk management culture and incompetent clerks;in terms of risk assessment,problems are incomplete risk examination,unscientific risk assessment,invalid risk response measures,irresponsible risk monitoring.When it comes to problems of control activities,it is a matter of incomplete property protection system and incompatible positions not separated.The things with information and communication are lagged information system processes,information asymmetry,and lack of established anti-fraud mechanism.Last,the time lag and ineffectiveness matter most in internal supervision mechanism.To solve problems of tenant credit risk management,the thesis starts from the five factors of the internal control theory and reducing information asymmetry,suggests the optimization strategies based on internal environment,risk management system,control activities,information and communication,internal supervision mechanism.The optimization schemes include optimizing the internal environment by improving the governance structure and performance evaluation mechanism,creating a culture of risk management for all employees and the risk management ability promotion of relevant personnel;consummating the risk evaluation mechanism based on quantitative risk examination mechanism,scientific risk evaluation model,diverse risk response measures,sustainable risk monitoring;adjusting organizational structure and personnel arrangement,establishing an asset evaluation and disposal system to optimize control activities;strengthening information exchange through improving the information management system;improving the internal supervision scope,quality,and frequency of internal inspections to complete internal supervision mechanism.These optimization measures play an important role in the the long steady development of J Financial Leasing Company in the financial leasing industry,at the same time,they could provide a reference for other financial leasing companies to optimize tenant credit risk management.更多还原