【作者】 杨婷；

【导师】 刘海波； 郑君龙；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 汉语国际教育（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 现代汉语里的“有”字句是一种常见句型,其句式结构和语义类型丰富多样。本文以“有”字句中最常用的“有+NP/VP”句式为研究对象,分析其结构特点、语义特征和语用功能,并对HSK动态作文语料库中的相关偏误语料进行考察,探究“有+NP/VP”句式的偏误类型和成因,进而给出相关教学建议。文章首先根据具体名词和抽象名词的区别将“有+NP”句式分为“有+NP₁”句式和“有+NP₂”句式,后者在NP₂的中心语所代表的事物以社会平均值为计量起点时,句式本身会具有程度高义。同时把“有+VP”句式区分为传统语法规范下的“[有+VP]₁”句式和新兴的“[有+VP]₂”句式。前者具有两种表现形式,即“有+V双”句和“有V1有V2”句;后者VP的成分类型多样,既可以是单独的动词也可以是复杂的述宾结构、状中结构等。句中的“有”可看成完成体标记,整个句子具有表肯定强调和凸显说话人的情感两大语用功能。其次对HSK动态作文语料库中的相关偏误例句进行了考察和统计,统计表明有358条属于“有+NP”句式,67条属于“有+VP”句式。其中“有+NP”句式偏误类型可分为:“有”字缺失、其他词语误代、谓语中心赘余、多个句式杂糅、句子成分不足、主体以外偏误六大类;“有+VP”句式偏误类型可分为:“有”字遗漏、完成体标记赘余、VP的误用、其他四大类。最后分析可得两大句式的共性偏误成因表现在两个方面:结构本身具有一定的复杂性、教材的忽略和教师的回避。进而根据探究结果提出了相关教学建议,一是制定系统的教学规划,二是提高教师教学的积极性和专业性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The"有"sentence in modern Chinese is a common sentence pattern,with many sentence structures and semantic types.This article takes the most commonly used"有+NP/VP"sentence pattern in the"有"sentence as the research object,analyzes the characteristics,semantic features,and pragmatic functions of the structure,and analyzes and organizes the relevant erroneous corpus in the HSK dynamic writing corpus to explore the types and causes of errors in the"有+NP/VP"sentence pattern,and then provides relevant educational suggestions.This article first divides the"有+NP"sentence pattern into"有+NP₁"sentence pattern and"有+NP₂"sentence pattern based on the difference between concrete nouns and abstract nouns.The latter has a high degree of meaning when the central language of NP₂ represents things measured from the social average.Secondly,the sentence structure of"有+VP"is divided into the traditional"[有+VP]₁"sentence structure and the emerging"[有+VP]₂"sentence structure.The former has two forms of expression,namely the"有+V双"sentence and the"有V1有V2"sentence.The latter has a variety of classification types of VP,which can be either individual verbs or complex predicate object structures,adverbial structures,etc.The"有"in the sentence can be seen as a perfect aspect marker,The entire sentence has two major pragmatic functions:expressing positive emphasis and highlighting the speaker’s emotions.And then,this article examines and statistically analyzes the relevant erroneous examples in the HSK dynamic essay corpus,and obtains 358 belong to the"有+NP"sentence pattern and 67 belong to the"有+VP"sentence pattern.The types of errors in the"有+NP"sentence pattern are divided into:missing"有"character,misplacement of other words,and redundant predicate center,insufficient sentence components,and errors that do not belong to the"有"type;The types of errors in the"有+VP"sentence structure can be divided into four categories:omission of the word"有",redundancy in the perfect aspect marker,misuse of VP,and errors that do not belong to the"有"type.Finally,the common errors in the two sentence structures are manifested in two aspects:the complexity of the structure itself,the neglect of the textbook,and the avoidance of teachers.Based on the exploration results,relevant teaching suggestions were proposed.Firstly,formulate a systematic teaching plan formulated,and secondly,improve enthusiasm and professionalism of teachers in teaching.更多还原