【作者】 陈林；

【导师】 郭坚华；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 番茄具有极高的经济效益,在我国蔬菜生产中所占的比重日益增加。连作和化肥过度使用导致土壤的酸化和质地下降已成为农业生产高质量发展的重要瓶颈,收集、挖掘和利用土壤微生物资源,是开展新型微生物菌剂产业化开发的重要基础,利用微生物菌制和有机肥改良和修复土壤是近年来的研究热点,也是实现化肥减施、农产品提质增效的一个重要途径,具有广阔应用前景。另一方面,有机农业是一种能维护土壤、生态系统和人类健康的生产体系,但是建立这样一个大型高效的有机农业生态系统需要投入大量的成本,并且在遭遇病虫害大发生时没有很好的应对措施。因此急需摸索出一条成本低廉,防效良好,提升水果品质的有机种植模式。而根际促生菌PGPR已被许多研究证明能改善土壤理化性质,还可以促进植物生长、增强植物抗逆性、提高作物产量、改善农产品品质等,应用PGPR已逐渐成为发展有机农业的需要。本研究分别在种植/不种植番茄的土壤上单独使用根际促生菌PGPR、单独施用有机肥、有机肥与根际促生菌PGPR混合施用观察对发生番茄连作障碍土壤的改良效果。结果显示,在土壤理化性质方面,单独施有机肥,单施PGPR,或二者混施都可以显著提高土壤有机质以及速效养分的含量,并且有机肥与PGPR配施时效果最好,相较于空白对照,有机质含量提升27.08%,铵态氮提高25.2%,硝态氮提高23.72%,有效磷含量提高31.79%,速效钾提高42.97%。土壤酶活方面,根际促生菌PGPR与有机肥混施时效果最佳,土壤脲酶活性提高33.28%,磷酸酶活性提高57.17%,蔗糖酶活性提高59.90%,过氧化氢酶活性提高12.16%。此外,通过对各处理植株生长情况统计发现,与对照组相比,有机肥和PGPR二者混施可以显著促进作物生长,在苗期、花期、果期都有明显表现,在生长前期体现为叶绿素提高、植株更高、茎秆更粗等,在生长后期体现为开花数、结果数等提高。另外,对病害的防治效果方面,根际促生菌PGPR与有机肥混施时对于土传病害青枯病也有一定防控效果,防效可达66.67%。为进一步验证PGPR菌株在田间的应用效果,本研究以PGPR菌株为核心,集成有益微生物驱动的全程有机种植体系(Be MMO),并在多地对作物进行应用研究。本研究以江苏南京草莓,河北沧州梨树、江苏盐城冬桃三地三种水果为例开展田间小区试验,对比了有益微生物驱动的全程有机种植体系(Be MMO)与常规种植体系在果树产量、水果品质、果树病虫害防治、土壤理化性质及经济效益等方面的差异。结果表明,相对于常规体系,应用Be MMO体系能提高草莓,冬桃,以及皇冠梨的叶绿素含量,并且还能增加开花数和挂果数。在病虫害防治方面,以复合PGPR菌剂“宁盾”为核心的Be MMO体系能够有效防控水果常见病害的发生,对草莓白粉病和灰霉病防效分别可达到78.22%,85.42%,对桃叶部细菌性穿孔病防效可达到71.74%,对梨叶部和果实黑星病的防效分别是79.88%,79.47%。Be MMO体系还能显著提高果实品质,表现在可溶性蛋白,维生素C,还原性糖含量增加,可滴定酸含量下降。Be MMO体系能有效减少土壤速效养分和有机质的流失,保证土壤对植物养份的长效供应。并且采用Be MMO体系生产的水果亩利润高于常规种植体系,长期应用可以增加农民的收入。本研究为在农业种植设施蔬菜的可持续发展中根际促生菌PGPR的使用提供了实践证明,系统地比较了单独施用PGPR、单独施用有机肥以及二者混合施用时对于番茄连作土壤的改良效果;同时,探究了以微生物菌剂宁盾为核心的Be MMO体系对水果生产的影响,验证其在草莓、冬桃和梨树上的实际应用效果。全文研究结果丰富了微生物菌剂在土壤质地改良和污染修复以及Be MMO体系构建的新内容,具有一定的理论价值和应用意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato has extremely high economic benefits,and its proportion in vegetable production in our country is increasing rapidly.The acidification and texture degradation of soil caused by continuous cropping and excessive use of chemical fertilizers have become an important bottleneck for the high-quality development of agricultural development.Collecting,mining and utilizing soil microbial resources is an important basis for carrying out the industrialization of new microbial agents.The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)and organic fertilizers to improve and repair soil has been a research hotspot in recent years.It is also an important way to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural products.It has broad application prospects.On the other hand,organic agriculture is a production system that can maintain soil,ecosystem and human health,but establishing such a large-scale and efficient organic agricultural ecosystem requires a lot of cost,and there is no good solution when it comes to pest and disease outbreaks.Therefore,it is urgent to find an organic planting model with low cost,good control effect and improving fruit quality.PGPR has been proved in many studies that can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,promote plant growth,enhance plant resistance,increase crop yield and improve the quality of agricultural products.The application of PGPR has gradually become a need for the development of organic agriculture.In this study,the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)alone,the organic fertilizer alone,and the combined application of organic fertilizer and PGPR were used on the soil with or without tomato to observe the improvement effect on the soil with continuous cropping obstacles to tomato.The study found that in terms of soil physical and chemical properties,the application of organic fertilizer alone,PGPR alone,or the combination of the two can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients,and the combination of organic fertilizer and PGPR has the best effect,compared with the blank control,the organic matter content increased by 27.08%,the ammonium nitrogen increased by 25.2%,the nitrate nitrogen increased by 23.72%,the effective phosphorus content increased by 31.79%,and the available potassium increased by 42.97%.In terms of soil enzyme activity,PGPR mixed with organic fertilizer has the best effect,the soil urease activity increased by 33.28%,the phosphatase activity increased by 57.17%,the sucrase activity increased by 59.90%,and the catalase activity increased by 12.16%.In terms of plant growth,compared with the control,the mixture of organic fertilizer and PGPR could significantly promote crop growth,which was evident in seedling,flowering and fruiting stages,reflected in higher chlorophyll,taller plants and thicker stalks in the early growth stage,and in the late growth stage,reflected in higher flowering and fruiting numbers.In terms of the control effect of disease,The PGPR was also effective in preventing and controlling the soil-borne disease cyanobacteria when mixed with organic fertilizer,with an efficiency of 66.67%.To further validate the effectiveness of the PGPR in the field,this study integrates a beneficial microbial motivated hohlistic organic planting system(Be MMO)with the PGPR as the core,and conducts application studies on crops in multiple locations.In this study,we conducted field plot trials with three fruits from Jiangsu Nanjing strawberry,Hebei Cangzhou pear and Jiangsu Yancheng winter peach to compare the differences in fruit yield,fruit quality,fruit pest and disease control,soil physicochemical properties and economic benefits between the Beneficial Microbial Motivated hohlistic Organic planting system(Be MMO)and the conventional planting system.The results showed that the application of Be MMO system increased the chlorophyll content of strawberry,winter peach,and crown pear,and also increased the number of flowers and fruits compared to the conventional system.In terms of pest and disease control,Be MMO system with PGPR fungicide "Ningdun" as the core can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of common fruit diseases.Be MMO system can prevent 78.22% and 85.42% of strawberry powdery mildew and gray mold respectively,71.74% of peach leaf bacterial perforation disease,79.88% and 79.47% of pear leaf and fruit black star disease.Be MMO system can also significantly improve the fruit quality,as shown by the increase of soluble protein,vitamin C,reducing sugar content,and decrease of titratable acid content.The Be MMO system can effectively reduce the loss of soil available nutrients and organic matter,and ensure the long-term supply of soil nutrients to plants.Moreover,the profit per mu of fruit produced by the Be MMO system is higher than that of the conventional planting system,and long-term application can increase the income of farmers.This study provides practical evidence for the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)in the sustainable development of vegetables grown in agricultural facilities,and systematically compares the effect of PGPR alone,organic fertilizer alone and a mixture of the two on the improvement of continuous tomato soil.The effect of Be MMO system established by microbial agent “Ningdun” on fruit production was investigated,and its practical application on strawberry,winter peach and pear trees was verified.The results of the whole paper enriched the new content of microbial agents in soil texture improvement and pollution remediation as well as the construction of Be MMO system,which has certain theoretical value and application significance.更多还原