【作者】 郑爽；

【导师】 任喜荣；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 当前我国已经进入数字化时代,个人信息成为时代不可或缺的重要资源。在劳动关系中,用人单位出于提高生产率、维持劳动秩序等目的,往往会大力攫取劳动者个人信息的价值,甚至超越界限不当或非法使用,进而严重侵害劳动者的合法权益。数字化时代引领监控型社会的来临,劳动监控作为时代的集中体现,也随之进化为以数据和算法为核心的智能化劳动监控,这在为用人单位的劳动管理带来便利的同时,无疑也很大程度上挤占了劳动者的个人信息空间。为应对智能化劳动监控给劳动者个人信息保护带来的极大挑战,以当前司法判例及现实案例为研究对象,采取实证分析法,分析问题并提出相应的完善建议是必要之举。个人信息保护的主体纷繁复杂,为何要针对于劳动者这一特殊主体的个人信息进行专门研究,存在着内部逻辑。一是在监控型社会与智能化劳动监控背景下,劳动者个人信息处于半透明状态,时刻面临着威胁与挑战。二是劳动关系中最基本的特征从属性导致劳动者个人信息保护有着极强的特殊性如易受侵害性与保护困难性。三是劳动者个人信息的保护切实关系着宪法视角下劳动者的就业平等权、言论自由权、通信秘密权、劳动权等基本权利的实现与社会生产力的发展。通过案例可知劳动者个人信息在实践中面临的形势异常严峻,主要表现在五个方面,即劳动关系缔结、存续、终结阶段劳动者个人信息都面临着风险;因不能适用劳动争议调解仲裁、难以适用现有法律规定而很难通过法律途径维权;即使民事案件案由已经变更,但实践中的个人信息与隐私权保护仍存在模糊地带;谁主张谁举证的民事诉讼举证责任分配对劳动者来说过于严苛;新业态背景下特殊职业群体的个人信息受侵犯程度加强而保护不足。切脉问诊,智能化劳动监控对劳动者个人信息收集幅度扩大化、处理方式深入化,相关法律规定因技术迭代与复杂现实而缺乏针对性与周延性,用人单位知情权等权利与劳动者个人信息保护间的冲突以及资强劳弱背景下劳动者权利受限都是导致问题出现的深层原因。针对劳动者个人信息保护出现的现实问题与深层原因,应做好四个方面的工作。一是从立法层面在实体与程序两角度厘清用人单位在劳动者个人信息保护中的主体责任与知情权边界。二是通过推动劳动争议仲裁解决与对劳动者个人信息和隐私权区分保护疏通劳动者个人信息保护的诉讼渠道。三是让劳动者只对工作中的基本事实负初步举证责任以实现举证责任倾斜保护。四是采用灵活方案如针对敏感信息严格规制等措施加强对新业态劳动者个人信息的法律保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,our country has entered the digital era,and personal information has become an indispensable and important resource in the era.In labor relations,for the purpose of improving productivity and maintaining labor order,employers often vigorously seize the value of workers’ personal information,and even use it improperly or illegally beyond the boundaries,thereby seriously infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of workers.The digital era has given rise to a surveillance-based society.Labor monitoring,as a concentrated expression of this era,has evolved into intelligent labor monitoring,with data and algorithms serving as its core.This not only brings convenience to employers in labor management,but undoubtedly,to a large extent,it also infringes on workers’ personal information space.In order to cope with the great challenges that intelligent labor monitoring brings to the protection of workers’ personal information,it is necessary to use current judicial precedents and real cases as research objects,adopt empirical analysis methods,analyze problems and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions.The subjects of personal information protection are numerous and complex.There is an internal logic behind why special research should be conducted on the personal information of workers,a special subject.First,in the context of a surveillance society and intelligent labor monitoring,workers’ personal information is semi-transparent and faces threats and challenges.Second,the most basic characteristic of labor relations is subordination,which leads to extremely particular characteristics in the protection of workers’ personal information,such as vulnerability and difficulty in protection.Third,the protection of workers’ personal information is closely related to the realization of workers’ basic rights such as employment equality,freedom of speech,and communication confidentiality from a constitutional perspective.It can be seen from the cases that the situation faced by workers’ personal information in practice is extremely severe,which is mainly reflected in five aspects,namely,the personal information of workers is faced with risks during the conclusion,subsistence,and ending phases of employee relations;as a result of the inapplicability of labor dispute mediation and arbitration,it is difficult to protect rights through legal channels when applying existing legal provisions;even if the cause of civil cases has been changed,The protection of private rights and personal information is still not entirely clear in reality,and it is particularly challenging for employees to prove their case and provide evidence in civil litigation because of the shifting of the burden of proof too strict;in the context of new business formats,the personal information of special occupational groups has been infringed upon more severely and is not adequately protected.After a thorough investigation,intelligent labor monitoring have expanded the scope of workers’ personal information collection and in-depth processing methods.Relevant legal provisions lack pertinence and comprehensiveness due to technological iterations and complex realities.Rights such as the employer’s right to know are inconsistent with the individual workers’ rights.The conflict between information protection and the restriction of workers’ rights in the context of strong capital and weak labor are all underlying causes of the problem.In view of the practical problems and underlying reasons for the protection of workers’ personal information,four aspects of work should be done.The first is to clarify the boundaries between the employer’s main responsibility and the right to know for the employer in contrast to the safeguarding of personal data from both the substantive and procedural perspectives at the legislative level.The second is to clear up litigation channels for the protection of workers’ personal information by promoting the protection of employees’ private and personal information,as well as the arbitration and settlement of labor disputes.To accomplish skewed burden of proof protection,the third option is to let workers to bear the preliminary burden of proof exclusively for fundamental facts at work.The fourth is to adopt flexible solutions such as strict regulations on sensitive information to strengthen the protection of personal information of workers in new industries.更多还原