【作者】 张帅；

【导师】 张玉国；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国际政治， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 拜登政府国家安全战略是以“美国例外论”和“民主自由论”的价值观、大国竞争与零和博弈的安全思维为基础,以全球主导地位和世界领先优势的安全目标、实力决定论和实用主义至上的安全手段为核心,以维护美国长期霸权和安全利益为实质的安全战略。拜登政府将未来十年视为对美国“具有决定性意义的十年”,是决定大国竞争的“关键十年”。因此,国家安全战略强调在政治、经济、军事、科技、软实力等方面强化国内基础;在美国制造业、供应链、竞争力方面制定系统性安全政策;在公共卫生、气候环境、网络空间、能源和战略资源等领域加强全球安全合作。可以说,拜登政府的国家安全战略存在明显的以意识形态为核心的“泛安全化”趋向。谋求决胜大国竞争,是拜登国家安全战略的主基调。中国的全方位崛起、中美实力差距的缩小使美国深感不安,拜登将中国定义为“最严峻的地缘政治挑战者”、“首要竞争对手”、“迫在眉睫的挑战”,明确表示“中国是唯一一个能对美国形成系统性挑战的国家”。中俄两国事实上被视为美国大国竞争战略的主要针对目标,被看作是最主要的“威胁”和“挑战”。为此,拜登政府统筹运用意识形态外交、科技外交、军事联盟等为手段,打造多圈层的安全联盟体系,谋求多领域、多维度的安全。通过扩展传统军事联盟、建立“全球民主联盟”、新建“科技联盟”、打造“供应链安全联盟”、组建四国“芯片联盟”等强化联盟体系,维护美国的全球霸权地位。有鉴于此,论文从美国国家安全战略的历史延承和理念基础入手,系统分析了拜登政府国家安全战略的主要内容、实施路径、发展方向、未来影响等一系列问题。指出拜登政府的国家安全战略在以“安全”为名,打造“小圈子”、构筑排他性联盟阵营、搭建“分层金字塔”结构的霸权体系重新界定安全,同时谋求掌握科技主导权、国际规则制定权,提升美国的国际话语权和影响力。以此为基础,拜登对华采取兼顾竞争、合作、对抗的策略,防范、遏制和削弱中国全球影响力和领导力的战略企图,仍是所谓“新华盛顿共识”的“战略最强音”。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Biden administration’s national security strategy is based on the values of "American exceptionalism" and "democracy and freedom",the security thinking of great power competition and zero-sum game,the security goal of global dominance and world leadership,the power determinism and the security means of pragmatism as the core,and the long-term hegemony and security interests of the United States as the essence of the security strategy.The Biden administration sees the next decade as a "defining decade" for the United States,a "critical decade" that will determine great power competition.Therefore,the national security strategy emphasizes strengthening the domestic foundation in politics,economy,military,science and technology,soft power,etc.Develop a systematic security policy for U.S.manufacturing,supply chains,and competitiveness;Strengthen global security cooperation in such areas as public health,climate and environment,cyberspace,energy and strategic resources.It can be said that the Biden administration’s national security strategy has a clear trend of "pan-security" with ideology as the core.Seeking to win the great power competition is the main tone of Biden’s national security strategy.China’s all-round rise and the narrowing of the power gap between China and the United States have deeply disturbed the United States,and Biden defined China as "the most serious geopolitical challenger","primary competitor" and "imminent challenge",making it clear that "China is the only country that can form a systematic challenge to the United States." In fact,China and Russia are regarded as the main targets of the United States’ great power competition strategy,and are regarded as the most important "threats" and "challenges." To this end,the Biden administration has made overall use of ideological diplomacy,scientific and technological diplomacy,military alliances and other means to build a multi-layer security alliance system and seek multi-field and multi-dimensional security.By expanding traditional military alliances,establishing a "global democracy alliance",building a new "science and technology alliance",building a "supply chain security alliance",and establishing a four-nation "chip alliance",the alliance system is strengthened to maintain the global hegemony of the United States.In view of this,this paper systematically analyzes the main content,implementation path,development direction and future impact of the national security strategy of the Biden administration from the historical extension and conceptual basis of the national security strategy of the United States.It is pointed out that in the name of "security",the Biden administration’s national security strategy is to create a "small circle",build exclusive alliance camps,build a "hierarchical pyramid" structure of hegemonic system to redefine security,while seeking to seize the scientific and technological dominance,the right to make international rules,and enhance the international voice and influence of the United States.On this basis,Biden’s strategic attempt to take into account the strategy of competition,cooperation and confrontation with China,to prevent,contain and weaken China’s global influence and leadership is still the "strategic strongest voice" of the so-called "new Washington Consensus".更多还原