内置式永磁同步电机超高频转子位置搜索线圈优化设计

【作者】 王欢；

【导师】 李新旻； 赵家欣；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 内置式永磁同步电机具有结构简单、维护方便、效率高等优点,广泛适用于电动汽车以及航空航天等领域,具有极大的研究意义和良好的应用前景。在电机运行过程中,只有得到转子位置信息后才能进行下一步的控制,使系统达到平衡配合,因此,明确电机转子位置对电机控制具有重要意义。传统搜索线圈获取电机转子位置一般在高速域下检测反电动势,在低速和静止时检测电流响应,无法在电机全速域内获取转子位置信息。为了使搜索线圈可在电机全速域内提供转子位置,本文针对内置式永磁同步电机线圈电感随转子运动呈现正弦周期性变化的原理,提出了向搜索线圈注入超高频信号(100k Hz),通过提取搜索线圈中的超高频电压来连续检测位置。为了简化注入超高频等效电路模型,便于计算与超高频信号的提取,理想的搜索线圈首先其相电感峰峰值应较大,可以灵敏地反映转子位置;其次,搜索线圈与电枢绕组的互感耦合应较小,降低搜索线圈与电枢绕组信号之间的相互影响。同时,三相搜索线圈反电动势较小,易于超高频反馈信号的提取;最后,减小搜索线圈相间互感,开路侧电位近似等于中性点电位,线电压近似为相电压,简化计算。因此,本文针对上述问题,对搜索线圈进行优化设计,使其满足理想搜索线圈条件,有助于提取超高频反馈信号,通过线圈自感与转子位置的映射关系以及超高频信号提供的宽范围检测带宽,永磁同步电机的转子位置可在全速域范围内检测。为了验证所提方法的优越性与可行性,本文在ANSYS Maxwell环境中搭建了电机的有限元模型,对超高频搜索线圈结构进行优化设计;在ANSYS Simplorer环境中搭建了电机的驱动电路以及超高频信号注入与检测电路;在Matlab/Simulink环境中搭建了控制电路模块,包括电机的矢量控制模块、S-Function模块、超高频信号注入与检测模块。最终将有限元模型、驱动电路、超高频信号注入与检测电路、控制电路模块进行耦合,实现了8极48槽电机超高频搜索线圈检测转子位置联合仿真,仿真结果验证了本文所提出超高频搜索线圈检测转子位置方法的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)has the advantages of simple structure,convenient maintenance and high efficiency.It is widely used in electric vehicles,aerospace and other fields,and has great research significance and good application prospect.In the process of motor operation,the next step of control can be carried out only after the rotor position information is obtained,so that the system can achieve balanced coordination.Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the rotor position of the motor for motor control.The traditional search coil is used to obtain the rotor position of the motor by detecting the back electromotive force at high speed and current response at low speed and rest.The rotor position information cannot be obtained in the full speed domain of the motor.In order to enable the search coil to provide the rotor position in the full speed domain of the motor,this paper proposes to inject ultrahigh frequency(UHF)signal(100k Hz)into the search coil to continuously detect the motor position by extracting the UHF voltage in the search coil,aiming at the principle that the inductance of the coil of the IPMSM motor presents sinusoidal periodic changes with the rotor movement.In order to simplify the injected UHF equivalent circuit model and facilitate calculation and extraction of UHF signals,the ideal search coil should firstly have a large peak value of phase inductance,which can sensitively reflect the rotor position.Secondly,the mutual inductance coupling between the search coil and the armature winding should be small,so as to reduce the mutual influence between the search coil and the armature winding signals.At the same time,the three-phase search coil has small back electromotive force,which is easy to extract UHF feedback signal.Finally,the mutual inductance between the search coils should be reduced.The open side potential is approximately equal to the neutral point potential,and the line voltage is approximately the phase voltage,which simplifies the calculation.Therefore,the search coil is optimized to meet the ideal search coil conditions,which is helpful to extract UHF feedback signals.Through the mapping relationship between coil self-inductance and rotor position and the wide detection bandwidth provided by UHF signals,the rotor position of IPMSM can be detected in the range of full speed.To verify the superiority and feasibility of the proposed method,the FEA model of the motor is built in ANSYS Maxwell,and Maxwell software is applied to optimize the structure of UHF search coils.The drive circuit model,UHF signal injection circuit,and UHF signal detection circuit are built in ANSYS Simplorer,while the control circuit model was built in the Matlab/Simulink,including the vector control module of the motor,S-Function module,UHF signal injection and detection module.Finally,the FEA model,drive circuit model,UHF signal injection and detection circuits,and control circuit model are coupled to realize the co-simulation of detecting the rotor position with UHF search coils of the 8-pole 48-slot motor,its results verify the feasibility of the proposed UHF search coils detecting the rotor position.更多还原