【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 赵怀娟；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 社会工作， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代计划生育政策实施推动中国家庭结构转型与变迁,失独家庭数量与日俱增。失独家庭面临着经济贫困、心理创伤、家庭矛盾加剧、社交困难、社会保障缺位等多重困境,帮助失独家庭摆脱困境已成为当今社会亟待解决的民生问题之一。近年来,学界对失独家庭的研究主要集中在政府扶助、社区照顾等宏观与中观层面,侧重于对问题的解释分析,较少关注不同家庭结构失独家庭的抗逆力情况。鉴于此,本文从家庭整体层面入手并引入家庭结构这一要素对失独家庭抗逆力进行研究,以家庭抗逆力理论为依据,以Walsh的一般家庭抗逆力过程模型为实务指导,为南京市Y区两户家庭结构不同失独家庭提供个案服务,旨在探究不同家庭结构对失独家庭抗逆力水平的影响及介入对策。笔者首先利用FRAS和FHI量表对两组个案进行家庭抗逆力水平测量并分析其困境与需求,随后深入对比夫妻家庭和离异独居家庭的具体情况、困境及家庭抗逆力水平差异。在此基础上设计差异化个案介入方案,从家庭信念系统、家庭组织模式、家庭沟通过程三个层面开展服务并进行结案评估。研究结束后,笔者发现家庭结构对家庭抗逆力水平有着重要影响,个案介入模式也因此有所差异,如夫妻家庭介入应侧重家庭组织模式调适,离异独居家庭应侧重社会支持网络恢复和自我效能感改善。同时评估结果显示个案工作可以明显改善失独家庭抗逆力水平;夫妻家庭交流及亲密性增加,家庭解体风险降低;离异独居家庭自我效能感提升,重燃生活希望。此外,笔者指出研究存在家庭抗逆力模式局限、家庭结构类型不全、服务针对性不足等问题并提出建议,希望能为失独家庭抗逆力研究提供一定借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1970 s,the implementation of the family planning policy promoted the transformation and change of China’s family structure,and the number of families who lost their only child increased day by day.Families who lost their only child are facing multiple difficulties such as economic poverty,psychological trauma,intensified family conflicts,social difficulties,and lack of social security.Helping families who lost their only child to get rid of their difficulties has become one of the livelihood issues that need to be solved urgently in today’s society.In recent years,the academic research on the loss of the only child family has mainly focused on the macro and meso levels such as government assistance and community care,focusing on the explanation and analysis of the problem and paying less attention to the resilience of the loss of the only child family with different family structures.In view of this,this article starts from the overall level of the family and introduces the element of family structure to study the resilience of the family that has lost its only child.Based on the theory of family resilience and Walsh’s general family resilience process model as practical guidance,it provides case services for two families with different family structures in Y district of Nanjing.The purpose is to explore the impact of different family structures on the level of resilience of the family that has lost its only child and intervention countermeasures.The author first uses the FRAS and FHI scales to measure the level of family resilience in the two groups of cases and investigates the difficulties and needs of families who have lost their only child through visits.In-depth comparison of the specific conditions,difficulties and differences in family resilience levels between couples and divorced families.On this basis,it designs differentiated case intervention programs,carries out services from three levels of family belief system,family organization model,and family communication process,and conducts case closure evaluation from four perspectives.After the study,the author found that family structure has an important impact on the level of family resilience,and the intervention mode of each case is also different.For example,the intervention of husband and wife family should focus on the adjustment of family organization mode,and the divorced family should focus on the recovery of social support network and the improvement of self-efficacy.At the same time,the evaluation results show that case work can significantly improve the level of resilience of families who have lost their only child;Increased communication and intimacy between husband and wife,reduced risk of family disintegration;The self-efficacy of divorced families living alone is improved,and the hope of life is rekindled.In addition,the author points out that there are some problems in the research,such as the limitation of family resilience model,the incomplete type of family structure,and the lack of service pertinence,and puts forward suggestions,hoping to provide some reference for the research on the resilience of the only-child-lost family.更多还原