【作者】 魏浩；

【导师】 栗铭徽；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 马克思主义理论， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 农业合作化运动是新中国成立初期,党和国家对农业、农村和农民进行的一项伟大而深刻的社会主义改造运动,是过渡时期总路线“一体两翼”中“两翼”的重要组成部分。通过分析农业合作化运动中农村基层政权的层级结构、组织建设和制度建设等内容,本文认为农业合作化运动贯穿区、乡两级政权并存和乡、民族乡、镇两个阶段,是并乡撤区运动的直接经济成因。在互助组向初级社和高级社转变的过程中,形成了以社员大会为核心、管理委员会为主体、监察委员会为保障的权力运行机制。社内严格执行和落实生产责任制,使工作效率和管理水平进一步提升。此外,伴随整党、建党计划的顺利实施,尤其是适时调整农村干部的管理权至党委农村工作部,农村基层党组织和农村党员迎来了规模、速度和质量上的大发展。以选举制度和农业生产合作社内的监督制度为基础和保障,农村基层政权执行民主集中制下的归口管理和请示报告制度,其活动空间得到规范和明确,并可自由发挥一定的能动性。就全国范围而言,农村基层政权的建设呈现出纵向的曲折性和横向的不平衡性。通过前期动员和宣传,尤其是举办爱国丰产竞赛,广大农民看到了“组织起来”的好处,入社的呼声愈来愈高,即社会动员和农业生产进一步结合。各地在农村基层政权建设的过程中,充分考虑到每年(季)的农业生产和农事活动特点,并与农民群众的日常生活深度融合,陆续开展了“寓教于乐”性的思想政治教育活动。最终,农民以国家公民的政治身份出现,农村基层政权完全从属于国家政权。中国共产党借此顺利实现了对乡村社会秩序的重构,使农业合作化运动上承土地改革中的农会、贫农团等社会组织,又对人民公社化运动中的“政社合一”体制产生某种影响,从而取得了新中国成立初期农村基层政权建设中的过渡地位。在农业合作化运动中,农村基层政权的建设不仅改造了部分曾被列为专政对象的反革命分子,还积极动员贫农、中农和富农等不同阶层参与进来。党和国家根据农业互助合作形势的发展撤销区公所,小乡并大乡,对国家、合作社、农民三者之间关系的处理则丰富了新民主主义国家政权理论。当前,全面推进乡村振兴和加快农业、农村现代化需要以农村基层党建为引领,贯彻“群众路线和群众观点”这一党的根本政治路线和工作方法,并因地制宜进行农村基层政权的行政体制改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Agricultural Cooperation Movement was a great and profound socialist transformation movement carried out by the Party and the state on agriculture,rural areas,and farmers in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.It was an important component of the "One Body,Two Wings" of the overall line during the transitional period.By analyzing the hierarchical structure,organizational construction,and institutional construction of grassroots political power in rural areas during the agricultural cooperation movement,this article believes that the agricultural cooperation movement runs through the coexistence of regional and township levels of political power,as well as the two stages of township,ethnic township,and town,and is the direct economic cause of the movement of merging townships and withdrawing districts.In the process of transforming mutual aid groups into primary and senior cooperatives,a power operation mechanism was formed with the member assembly as the core,the management committee as the main body,and the supervision committee as the guarantee.Strictly implementing and implementing the production responsibility system within the company further enhances work efficiency and management level.In addition,with the smooth implementation of the rectification and party building plan,especially the timely adjustment of the management rights of rural cadres to the Party Committee’s Rural Work Department,rural grassroots party organizations and rural party members have experienced significant development in scale,speed,and quality.Based on and guaranteed by the election system and the supervision system within agricultural production cooperatives,the grassroots political power in rural areas implements the centralized management and reporting system under democratic centralism.Its activity space is standardized and clear,and it can freely exert a certain degree of initiative.On a national scale,the construction of grassroots political power in rural areas presents vertical twists and horizontal imbalances.Through early mobilization and publicity,especially by holding patriotic and high-yield competitions,farmers have seen the benefits of "organizing" and the call to join the society has become increasingly high,that is,further combining social mobilization with agricultural production.In the process of building grassroots political power in rural areas,various regions have fully considered the characteristics of agricultural production and activities every year(season),and deeply integrated them with the daily lives of farmers.They have successively carried out ideological and political education activities that combine education with entertainment.In the end,farmers appeared as political citizens of the country,and rural grassroots political power was completely subordinate to the state power.The CPC took this opportunity to successfully realize the reconstruction of rural social order,so that the agricultural cooperative movement inherited the social organizations such as the farmers’ associations and poor farmers’ leagues in the land reform,and had some impact on the "political and social integration" system in the people’s commune movement,thus obtaining a transitional position in the construction of rural grass-roots political power in the early days of the founding of New China.In the agricultural cooperation movement,the construction of grassroots political power in rural areas not only transformed some counter revolutionaries who were once listed as dictatorships,but also actively mobilized different social classes such as poor peasants,middle peasants,and rich peasants to participate.The Party and the state have abolished district offices and merged small townships into large ones based on the development of agricultural mutual assistance and cooperation.The handling of the relationship between the state,cooperatives,and farmers has enriched the theory of new democratic state power.Currently,the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization and the acceleration of agriculture and rural modernization require the guidance of grassroots party building in rural areas,the implementation of the Party’s fundamental political line and work method of "mass line and viewpoint",and the administrative system reform of rural grassroots political power according to local conditions.更多还原