【作者】 张海波；

【导师】 陈曦；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 同伴压力是外部环境给个体施加的能够使得个体改变自己观点或行为以符合同伴期望的一种压力,是影响个体交流行为的外部因素。选择性接触是个体面对海量信息时普遍存在的一种心理效应,使得个体希望接收与已有知识和经验相符的信息,是影响个体交流行为的内部因素。同伴压力与选择性接触分别从内外两个方面影响着个体应对消息的行为,因此,构建考虑同伴压力与选择性接触影响的观点动力学模型,研究不同内外因素对舆论演化的影响,对于了解个体复杂的信息交互机理、研究舆论演化趋势,以及为舆论治理提供新思路具有重要理论价值和现实意义。首先,基于个体与邻居观点差距、邻居观点的一致性和个体的压力敏感程度三个因素提出了一种同伴压力的量化方法,并将同伴压力与用于表示个体对相近观点偏好范围的偏好半径作为信任半径的组成部分,构建了一个具有异质信任半径的观点动力学模型。通过对模型的分析推导总结了群体达到统一和统一或极化的充分条件,实验仿真结果对推导结论进行了验证,并发现了非全连接网络中处于网络中心的个体受到压力较大而保持中立,而处于网络边缘的个体则受到压力较小而观点极端。其次,考虑到选择性接触在个体选择和处理信息时的作用,提出了个体面对不偏好的观点时会重新选择交流对象的重选邻策略,构建了考虑选择性接触的观点动力学模型。分析发现重选邻策略起到的加快群体稳定和促进观点收敛的作用,进一步推导得到了不同信任半径下重选邻策略对群体稳定时间降低的预估值。仿真结果验证了分析推导的结论,并发现在特定的信任半径下,重选邻策略可以促使群体从极化变成统一,进而将稳定时间缩短为一半。最后,考虑个体同时受到内外因素影响,构建了一个同时考虑同伴压力与选择性接触的观点动力学模型。仿真实验发现压力敏感系数、重选邻策略、偏好半径等因素对观点收敛有促进作用。在特定信任半径下,同伴压力可以使得极端观点消失,而选择性接触会将分散的极端观点聚到一起。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peer pressure is a kind of pressure exerted by the external environment on individuals that can make individuals change their opinions or behaviors to meet peer expectations,and it is an external factor that affects individual communication behaviors.Selective exposure is a common psychological effect when individuals face massive amounts of information,making individuals want to receive information that is consistent with their existing knowledge and experience,and it is an internal factor that affects individual communication behavior.Peer pressure and selective contact affect the behavior of individuals responding to news from both internal and external aspects.Therefore,constructing an opinion dynamics model that considers the influence of peer pressure and selective contact,and studying the impact of different internal and external factors on the evolution of public opinion is important for understanding individual It has important theoretical value and practical significance to study the complex information interaction mechanism,study the evolution trend of public opinion,and provide new ideas for public opinion governance.This thesis proposes a quantitative method for peer pressure based on three factors: the opinion gap between individual and neighbors,the consistency of neighbor opinion,and the individual’s pressure sensitivity.Components of trust radius construct a model of opinion dynamics with heterogeneous trust radius.Through the analysis and derivation of the model,the sufficient conditions for the group to achieve unity and unity or polarization are summarized,and the experimental simulation results verify the derivation conclusion.And found that in the non-fully connected network,individuals in the center of the network are under greater pressure and remain neutral,while individuals at the edge of the network are less stressed and have extreme opinion.This thesis considers the role of selective exposure in individual selection and processing of information,proposes a reselection strategy in which individuals will reselect communication objects when faced with unpreferred opinions,and constructs an opinion dynamics model considering selective exposure.This paper analyzes and finds that the neighbor reselection strategy can accelerate group stability and promote the convergence of opinions,and derives the estimated value of the neighbor reselection strategy on the group stabilization time reduction under different trust radius.The simulation results verified the conclusions derived from the analysis,and found that under a certain trust radius,the neighbor reselection strategy can promote the group from polarization to unity,and then shorten the stabilization time by half.Finally,this thesis considers that individuals are affected by both internal and external factors,and constructs an opinion dynamics model that considers both peer pressure and selective exposure.Simulation experiments found that factors such as pressure sensitivity coefficient,neighbor reselection strategy,and preference radius can promote the convergence of opinions.Especially under a certain trust radius,peer pressure can make extreme opinions disappear,and selective contact will gather scattered extreme opinions.together.更多还原