【作者】 王宁；

【导师】 颜龙；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 消防工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 泡沫灭火剂具有灭火性能强和控火性能优等优点,常被用作扑灭石化火灾的有效灭火剂。传统水成膜泡沫灭火剂多使用氟碳表面活性剂作为发泡剂,其核心组分为全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)类表面活性剂,这使得传统水成膜表面活性剂对环境产生较大有害影响,因此有必要寻求一种新型环保型泡沫灭火剂降低环境危害性。本文采用改性有机硅与碳氢表面活性剂复配作为发泡剂,配合稳泡剂、助溶剂等添加剂制备高稳定环保型泡沫灭火剂,并对其理化性能、灭火性能和控火性能等进行了研究,本文的重要工作如下:(1)设计合成一种非离子型端氨基聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂ATPMS,并将其与AES进行复配得到了一种新型二元复配发泡体系,用于提升泡沫灭火剂的铺展性能、起泡性能和泡沫稳定性能。(2)以ATPMS/AES复配体系为发泡剂,以多糖聚合物和无机盐为稳泡剂,系统研究了稳泡剂对泡沫灭火剂粘度、表面张力和析液性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,黄原胶和海藻酸钠等多糖聚合物以及氯化钠和氯化镁等无机盐均能有效增强泡沫灭火剂的粘度并降低泡沫灭火剂的析液速率,同时其对泡沫灭火剂的表面张力影响较小。(3)研究了泡沫混合腔整流段长度、整流段填充颗粒的粒径和泡沫灭火剂种类对泡沫灭火时间、火焰形貌和90%控火时间的影响规律,探索泡沫灭火性能影响机制,并建立半定性半定量的泡沫灭火剂扑灭柴油池火的理论传热模型。综上所述,本文以ATPMS为核心组分,制备一种高稳定环保型泡沫灭火剂,系统分析了其理化和灭火性能,得到半定性半定量灭火理论模型。图45幅,表12个,参考文献102篇更多还原

【Abstract】 Foam extinguishing agent has the characteristics of high fire extinguishing efficiency,strong fire resistance and excellent film forming performance.Foam is used to suppress petrochemical fires as an effective extinguishing agent.Traditional aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents(AFFF)mostly use fluorocarbon surfactants as foaming agents whose core components are perfluorooctane sulfonate surfactants(PFOS)which have harmful effect on the environment.Therefore,it is necessary to seek a new surfactant which is harmless to the environment,an it can enhance the physical and chemical properties of foam extinguishing agent.In this research,a highly stable and anti-burning foam extinguishing agent was prepared by using modified silicone and hydrocarbon surfactant compound system,together with foam stabilizer and cosolvent.the influence mechanism of its physical and chemical properties,the influence factors of fire extinguishing efficiency and the influence factors of anti-burning performance were studied.the important work of this thesis is as follows :(1)An amino-terminated polyether modified silicone(ATPMS)was synthesized and compounded with sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate(AES)to obtain a new binary compound foaming system.the surface tension,foaming performance and foam stability of the compound system were tested,which illustrates that ATPMS effectively reduced the surface tension of the foam extinguishing agent and improved the spreading performance.(2)The physical and chemical properties of the compound system of atpms and hydrocarbon surfactant after were studied after adding foam stabilizer.The effects of polysaccharide polymer and inorganic salt as foam stabilizer on the viscosity,surface tension and drainage performance of foam extinguishing agent were researched.And the formula of foam extinguishing agent was further optimized.Furthermore,the formula of foam extinguishing agent was further optimized.The results show that xanthan gum,sodium alginate,sodium chloride and magnesium chloride can effectively enhance the viscosity of foam extinguishing agent and reduce the drainage rate of foam extinguishing agent.Meanwhile,the above four foam stabilizers have little effect on the surface tension of foam extinguishing agent.This shows it an effective way to improve the foam stability of foam extinguishing agent by adding polysaccharide polymer and inorganic salt as foam stabilizer.(3)A self-made high stable and environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agent was used to extinguish diesel pool fire.The effects of the length of the foam mixing chamber,the particle size of the filled particles and the type of foam extinguishing agent on the fire extinguishing efficiency were studied.The influence mechanism of fire extinguishing time and 90 % fire control time was proposed,and a semi-qualitative and semi-quantitative theoretical heat transfer model of foam extinguishing agent to extinguish diesel pool fire was established.In summary,a highly stable and environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agent was prepared with self-made silicone surfactant as the core component.Meanwhile,physical and chemical properties and fire extinguishing performance were studied to build a semi-qualitative and semi-quantitative fire extinguishing theoretical model.There are 45 figures,12 tables and 102 references in the thesis.更多还原