城市数字化水平对绿色全要素生产率增长的影响研究

【作者】 程敏；

【导师】 王婧；

【作者基本信息】 上海财经大学 ， 城市经济与管理， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国,经济发展受到资源和环境因素的制约日益显现,兼顾环境影响的绿色全要素生产率成为了衡量经济高质量发展的关键指标,体现了可持续发展理念。党的二十大报告提出“推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长”,而提高绿色全要素生产率正是对这一号召的积极响应。与此同时,数字化技术日益成为重要的生产要素,各国都认识到了数字化发展带来的巨大机会。城市作为我国经济发展的主要载体,在当前我国经济已进入高质量发展的情况下,考虑“双碳”目标约束,评价城市数字化水平对绿色全要素生产率的影响,对我国区域改善资源配置和生态环境、促进经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本文研究结果表明:(1)城市数字化水平在2011-2019年间呈现增长趋势,综合水平由2011年的0.03稳步上升到2019年的0.077,但仍有较大提升空间;城市间数字化水平差异显著,发展不平衡的问题切实存在。(2)中国绿色全要素生产率增长指数总体呈现上升的变化趋势,2011-2019年绿色全要素生产率、生产效率和技术进步分别以年均2.8%、2.4%和3.7%的速度增长,其中技术进步是促使绿色全要素生产率变化的主要来源。东部和中部地区的绿色全要素生产率增长指数要高于西部地区。(3)城市数字化水平对全国绿色全要素生产率增长具有正向显著的影响,且这一结论在经过工具变量法以及一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。其次,绿色全要素生产率增长的滞后一期与当期之间存在显著的正向相关关系,说明绿色全要素生产率具有显著的累积效应。其三,从区域维度看,城市数字化水平的绿色促进效应在东部要强于中西部地区,大城市要强于中小城市;从数字化发展维度看,数字经济和数字治理维度较数字生活而言,对绿色全要素生产率的正向影响更显著;从对绿色全要素生产率的分解回归结果来看,城市数字化对技术进步具有更明显的促进效应。(4)城市数字化水平对绿色全要素生产率的影响受到数字创新、产业结构升级和政府支持的正向调节作用,并存在基于数字创新和产业结构升级的门槛效应。门槛回归结果表明,数字化水平随着产业结构单门槛的跨越而由负转正;在数字创新门槛之前和之后,数字化水平对绿色全要素生产率的影响均为正,但在跨越了门槛之后,其影响得到了进一步的加强。本文的创新之处在于:(1)在研究内容上,大多文献主要对数字化某一细分领域下如数字经济来研究其对绿色全要素生产率的影响,本文尝试将数字经济、数字生活、数字治理三个方面结合起来,从“数字化”整体出发展开研究。针对绿色全要素生产率的测度,改进其非期望产出中碳排放数据统计问题,结合两种数据库补齐缺省值。分别采用熵权-TOPSIS和SBM-GML模型对数字化水平和绿色全要素生产率增长进行测算,以准确反映中国数字化和绿色全要素生产率的真实水平。(2)在研究对象上,囿于数据可得性,现有文献大多从省域或从定性角度展开对数字化以及绿色全要素生产率的研究。本文以279个地级市为研究对象,分析城市数字化对绿色全要素生产率的影响,并分地区、分维度进行异质性检验。(3)在研究方法上,本文在基准回归的基础上,检验了数字创新、产业结构、和政府支持的调节作用,更为准确地刻画数字化发展影响绿色全要素生产率提升的作用机制;进一步地,构建门槛模型,考察变量的门槛特征,以对二者关系形成有益扩充。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our economic development is increasingly restricted by resources and environment factors.Green total factor productivity considering environmental impact reflects the concept of sustainable development and is a key indicator to measure the high quality of economic development.The report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "promote the qualitative and effective improvement of the economy and rational growth of the quantity",and improving the green total factor productivity is a positive response to this call.At the same time,digital technology is becoming an increasingly important factor of production,and countries are recognizing the enormous opportunities presented by digital development.City is the main carrier of economic development in our country.Under the circumstance that our economy has entered high-quality development,considering "double carbon" target constraint and evaluating the influence of city digital level on green total factor productivity is of great significance to regional improvement of resource allocation and ecological environment and promoting sustainable economic development.The results of this paper show that:(1)The urban digitalization level showed an increasing trend from 2011 to 2019,and the comprehensive level increased steadily from 0.03 in 2011 to 0.077 in 2019,but there was still a large room for improvement.There are significant differences in digital level among cities,and the problem of unbalanced development exists.(2)China’s green total factor productivity growth index showed an overall upward trend.From 2011 to 2019,green total factor productivity,production efficiency and technological progress increased at an average annual rate of 2.8%,2.4% and 3.7%,respectively,and technological progress was the main source of green total factor productivity change.The green total factor productivity growth index in eastern and central regions is higher than that in western regions.(3)Urban digitization level has a positive and significant impact on the growth of national green total factor productivity,and this conclusion is still valid after the instrumental variable method and a series of robustness tests.Secondly,there is a significant positive correlation between the growth of green total factor productivity in the lag period and the current period,indicating that green total factor productivity has a significant cumulative effect.Thirdly,from the perspective of regional dimension,the green promotion effect of urban digitalization level is stronger in eastern China than in central and western China,and bigger cities are stronger than small and medium-sized cities.From the perspective of digital development,the positive impact of digital economy and digital governance on green Total factor productivity is more significant than that of digital life.According to the decomposition and regression results of green total factor productivity,urban digitalization has more obvious promoting effect on technological progress.(4)The influence of urban digitalization level on green total factor productivity is positively moderated by digital innovation,industrial structure upgrading and government support,and there is a threshold effect based on digital innovation and industrial structure upgrading.Threshold regression results show that the digital level changes from negative to positive with the single threshold of industrial structure.Before and after crossing the threshold of digital innovation,the influence of digital level on green total factor productivity is positive,but it further increases after crossing the threshold.The innovation of this paper lies in:(1)In terms of research content,most literatures mainly study the impact of digitalization on green total factor productivity in a certain subdivision field,such as digital economy.This paper tries to combine the three aspects of digital economy,digital life and digital governance,and conducts research from the perspective of "digitalization" as a whole.Aiming at the measurement of green total factor productivity,the statistical problem of carbon emission data in the unexpected output is improved,and the default value is completed by combining the two databases.The entropy weight-Topsis and SBM-GML models were used to measure the digitalization level and green total factor productivity growth respectively,so as to accurately reflect the real level of China’s digitalization and green total factor productivity.(2)In terms of research objects,limited by the availability of data,most of the existing literature researches digitalization and green total factor productivity from provincial or qualitative perspectives.Taking 279 prefecture-level cities as research objects,this paper analyzes the impact of urban digitization on green total factor productivity,and conducts heterogeneity test by region and dimension.(3)In terms of research methods,on the basis of baseline regression,this paper examines the moderating effects of digital innovation,industrial structure and government support,and more accurately describes the mechanism of digital development affecting the improvement of green total factor productivity.Furthermore,the threshold model is constructed and the threshold characteristics of variables are investigated to form a beneficial expansion of the relationship between the two.更多还原