【作者】 王东；

【导师】 徐磊；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国农民返乡创业呈现蓬勃发展态势,成为全面打赢脱贫攻坚战的重要力量。农民返乡创业模式是该领域一个重要的研究话题,从制度经济学视角开展模式分类和比较是一个值得探索的研究方向。从我国农业农村经济发展实践出发,围绕全面实施乡村振兴战略,立足推动农民返乡创业高质量发展,开展此项研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本研究在对我国返乡农民创业现状、支持政策以及带动效应分析的基础上,运用制度经济学中的制度变迁理论,依据具有“诱致性”制度变迁显著特征和具有“强制性”制度变迁显著特征,尝试提出农民返乡创业模式划分主要依据,同时引入发展经济学中的推拉理论,提出资源推动模式、市场拉动模式和政策驱动模式三类返乡农民创业模式,基于案例分析的视角进行比较分析,归纳总结不同模式的内涵、特征、优势与制约因素。本研究发现:农民返乡创业在带动就业、促进增收等方面对社会的贡献度不断加大,不同农民返乡创业模式互为补充、错位发展。其中,资源推动模式通过深耕优势资源,节省了资源开发的转换成本和上下游产业之间的交易费用,但资源依赖性较强,同时容易产生“外部性”问题,适用于具备优势特色资源的地区;市场拉动模式降低了信息搜寻、筹集资金等成本,并且通过创新组织形式实现外部性的内部化,但农产品市场波动往往会带来机会主义行为,同时该模式比较适用于具有龙头企业或电子商务、加工制备等前期积累且市场化程度较高的地区;政策驱动模式通过资源高度聚集降低了创业者寻找厂商、交通运输等成本,但对政策资源依赖性强,资产专用性较高,适用于政府有能力整合资源调整产业结构,为产业链拓宽和纵深提供引导扶持的地区。为此,本研究针对三类农民返乡创业模式提出政策优化建议:紧抓特色资源加强政府设计和引导,完善金融财税体系;强化社企对接,加强产品标准化和品牌化建设,创新市场监管办法;发展多种形式的创业服务平台,加强科技支撑,加大金融支持力度,发挥园区辐射效应,推动产业提档升级。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,farmers ’ returning home entrepreneurship in China has shown a booming trend,and has become an important force in winning the battle against poverty.The entrepreneurial model of farmers returning home is an important research topic in this field.It is a worthy research direction to classify and compare the models from the perspective of institutional economics.Starting from the practice of agricultural and rural economic development in China,focusing on the full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,and based on the promotion of high-quality development of farmers’ return home entrepreneurship,this study has important theoretical significance and practical value.Based on the analysis of the current situation,supporting policies and driving effect of returning farmers ’ entrepreneurship in China,this study uses the theory of institutional change in institutional economics,and tries to put forward the main basis for the classification of returning farmers ’entrepreneurship mode according to the obvious characteristics of ’ induced ’ institutional change and ’mandatory ’ institutional change.At the same time,it introduces the push-pull theory in development economics,and puts forward three types of returning farmers ’ entrepreneurship modes :resource-driven mode,market-driven mode and policy-driven mode.Based on the perspective of case analysis,this paper compares and analyzes the connotation,characteristics,advantages and constraints of different modes.This study finds that farmers ’ returning home entrepreneurship contributes to the society in terms of promoting employment and increasing income.Different farmers ’ returning home entrepreneurship models complement and dislocation.Among them,the resource-driven model saves the conversion cost of resource development and the transaction cost between upstream and downstream industries through deep ploughing advantageous resources.However,the resource dependence is strong,and it is easy to produce the “ externality ” problem,which is suitable for regions with advantageous characteristic resources;market pull mode reduces the cost of information search and fund raising,and realizes the internalization of externalities through innovative organizational forms.However,market volatility of agricultural products often leads to opportunistic behavior.At the same time,this mode is more suitable for areas with leading enterprises or e-commerce,processing and preparation and other pre-accumulation and high degree of marketization.The platform pull mode reduces the cost of entrepreneurs looking for manufacturers and transportation through high concentration of resources,but it has strong dependence on policy resources and high asset specificity.It is suitable for areas where the government has the ability to integrate resources to adjust the industrial structure and provide guidance and support for the expansion and depth of the industrial chain.Therefore,this study puts forward policy optimization suggestions for three types of farmers ’returning home entrepreneurship models : strengthening government design and guidance with special resources,and improving financial and tax support system;strengthening the docking of social enterprises,strengthening the construction of product standardization and branding,and innovating the supervision methods of entrepreneurial market;develop various forms of entrepreneurial service platform,strengthen scientific and technological support and financial support,play the radiation effect of the park,and promote industrial upgrading.更多还原