【作者】 曹阳；

【导师】 姜大伟； 朱灿生；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 夫妻股权在所有权归属与处分权能上,受民法与商法的双重调整,而民法与商法的衔接不畅,造成持股配偶独立处分股权行为的效力认定问题一直争论不休,《民法典》出台后,该问题仍未得到解决。通过梳理典型判例可知,现有的裁判思路主要分为两个方向:基于民法的裁判思路,侧重于保障婚姻共同利益,认定持股配偶独立处分股权构成无权处分,为保障第三人的权益,可以适用善意取得制度;基于商法的裁判思路,侧重于保障交易信赖利益,认定夫妻单方处分名下股权为有权处分,以恶意串通规则保障非持股配偶的利益。裁判思路与适用法律的不同造成判决结果迥异,这不禁使人疑惑,夫妻股权的处分权能如何行使,进而引发股权能否共有、股权是否属于夫妻共同财产、股权权利主体等迷思。究其原因,一是立法缺失,现行立法对于夫妻股权的处分规则未给予明确回应。《民法典》婚姻家庭编仅回应了夫妻内部的财产归属与处分原则,而《公司法》仅回应了股权转让规则,并未协调婚姻家庭法的相关规定,割裂的法律造成适用者的迷惑;二是理论认识未统一,针对夫妻股权的性质、权能行使、婚姻共同利益与交易信赖利益平衡等问题,学界争论不休,远未达成共识,难以发挥对于实践的指导意义。在现行立法难以迅速完善的背景下,寻找一条切实可行,兼顾各方利益的裁判路径具有很强的实践意义。首先,通过梳理司法现状,总结此类案件的争议焦点,为下文讨论明晰问题核心。其次,总结分析夫妻单方处分名下股权效力认定的学理观点,形成无权处分与有权处分两种观点,并分析其冲突症结。复次,基于股权分离视角,对夫妻单方处分名下股权系有权处分进行学理证成,并分析如何平衡婚姻共同利益与交易信赖利益的保障。最后,总结梳理夫妻单方处分名下股权效力认定的困境出路,即原则上处分行为有效,以无效情形为例外,同时提出如何保障非持股配偶的利益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spouse’s equity is subject to the dual adjustment of civil law and commercial law in terms of ownership attribution and disposal power,and the poor interface between civil law and commercial law has caused the issue of determining the effectiveness of the independent disposal of equity by the shareholding spouse to be endlessly debated,and the issue has still not been resolved after the introduction of the Civil Code.By sorting out the typical cases,it can be seen that the existing adjudication idea s are mainly divided into two directions: the adjudication ideas based on civil law,focusing on the protection of the common interests of the marriage,determine that the independent disposal of equity by the shareholding spouse constitutes a disposition without right,in order to protect the rights and interests of the third party,the good faith acquisition system can be applied;the adjudication ideas based on commercial law,focusing on the protection of transaction reliance interests,determine that t he unilateral disposal of equity in the name of the couple is the right to dispose.The rule of bad faith collusion protects the interests of the non-shareholding spouse.The difference between the ruling ideas and the applicable law caused very different results,which can not help but make people wonder how to exercise the right to dispose of the couple’s equity,and then lead to the equity can be a common,whether the equity belongs to the common property of husband and wife,equity rights subject and other myths.The reason,one is the lack of legislation,the current legislation for the rules of disposal of the couple’s equity has not given a clear response.The Civil Code of Marriage and Family only responds to the principles of property ownership and disposal within the couple,while the Company Law only responds to the rules of equity transfer,without coordinating the relevant provisions of the marriage and family law,and the fragmented law causes confusion to those who apply it;secondly,the theor etical understanding is not unified,for the nature of the couple’s equity,the exercise of power,the balance between the common interests of marriage and the interests of trust in transactions,etc.,the academic community debates endlessly,far from reaching a consensus.It is difficult to play the gu iding significance for practice.Against the background that the existing legislation is difficult to be improved rapidly,it is of great practical significance to find a practical and feasible adjudication path that takes into account the interests of all parties.Firstly,by sorting out the current judicial situation,we summarize the controversial focus of such cases and clarify the core of the issue for the following discussion.Secondly,we summarize and analyze the doctrinal viewpoints on the validity of the unilateral disposal of equity in the name of a husband and wife,and analyze the crux of the conflict between the two viewpoints.Next,based on the perspective of separation of equity,we analyze how to balance the common interests of marriage and the protection of trust interests of transaction.Finally,we summarize the dilemma of determining the validity of the unilateral disposition of a spouse’s shareholding,namely,the validity of the disposition in principle and the exception of the invalid situation,and also propose how to protect the interests of t he non-shareholding spouse.更多还原