【作者】 李志坚；

【导师】 林治安；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 植物营养学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文运用室温土壤培养、养分淋洗、土柱栽培等试验方法,研究了腐植酸磷肥（H-P）、海藻酸磷肥（A-P）和氨基酸磷肥（G-P）3种增效磷肥对潮土土壤有效磷含量、无机磷形态以及作物（小麦、玉米）产量和磷素表观利用率的影响。主要研究结果如下:（1）土壤培养条件下,增效磷肥能显著增加土壤有效磷含量和降低土壤pH,与施用普通磷肥（磷酸一铵,下同）相比,施用增效磷肥处理的土壤速效磷含量提高了3.84 mg/kg～11.18 mg/kg,土壤pH值降低了0.23～0.36个单位;腐植酸磷肥（H-P）显著提高土壤Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P和Al-P,对Ca₁₀-P在培养初期有增加趋势,后期又有所降低;海藻酸磷肥（A-P）和氨基酸磷肥（G-P）明显提高土壤Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P和Al-P含量,降低土壤Ca₁₀-P含量;增效磷肥对土壤中Fe-P含量无显著影响。（2）多次淋洗后增效磷肥处理的磷素累计淋出量均未超过施磷量的10%。腐植酸磷肥（H-P）和海藻酸磷肥（A-P）处理磷素累计溶出总量随增效剂添加量的增加而增加,并且增效剂低添加量磷素累计溶出总量高于对照（CK）处理却低于普通磷肥处理,而增效剂中、高添加量磷素累计溶出总量高于普通磷肥处理;氨基酸磷肥（G-P）在增效剂高添加量情况下磷素累计溶出总量反而比增效剂低、中添加量的低,而且也低于普通磷肥处理。（3）低磷和中磷水平下,增效磷肥处理小麦籽粒平均产量比普通磷肥处理分别提高了9.35%～48.31%和1.36%～39.27%,且不同增效磷肥处理的籽粒产量均随着增效剂添加量的增加而增加,高磷水平下,增效磷肥处理小麦籽粒平均产量比普通磷肥低;低、中磷水平下,腐植酸磷肥（H-P）和海藻酸磷肥（A-P）处理磷素小麦吸磷量比普通磷肥处理分别提高了37.04%～42.59%和18.18%～32.73%,磷素表观利用率平均比普通磷肥处理分别提高了23.06～26.21个百分点和6.13～10.19个百分点。（4）低磷、中磷水平下,增效磷肥处理玉米籽粒平均产量比普通磷肥处理略低或基本相近,而高磷水平,增效磷肥处理玉米籽粒平均产量比普通磷肥处理提高了12.72%～18.05%;低、中磷水平,增效磷肥处理玉米吸磷量和磷素表观利用率比普通磷肥处理略低或相近。高磷水平,增效磷肥处理玉米吸磷量比普通磷肥处理提高了10.95%～29.93%,磷素表观利用率平均比普通磷肥处理增加了4.11～11.38个百分点。综上所述,改性腐植酸、发酵海藻酸和聚合氨基酸等增效剂与磷酸一铵复混改性后,减少土壤中磷素的固定,活化了土壤中固定态的磷,提高土壤磷的有效性,促进作物生长和对养分的吸收,从而提高了磷肥的利用率。更多还原

【Abstract】 By means of the soil incubation experiment,nutrients leaching experiment and soil pot experiment were carried out to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizers（i.e.MAP products with added synergists of seaweed extract,humic acid and amino acid,respectively,and known as respectively algimic acid,humic acid and glutamic acid phosphate fertilizers）on the soil properties,the composing and transformation of inorganic phosphorus and yields of winter wheat and maize,phosphorus uptake,P fertilizer use efficiency in calcareous soil at Dezhou experiment station.The aim is to find the new way of reducing soil P fixation,enhance phosphorus availability in calcareous soil.The results are as follows:（1）Under the condition of laboratory soil incubation,the soil available phosphorus contents were significantly increased and pH was significantly decreased under the applications of Value-added phosphate fertilizers.The soil available phosphorus contents were increased by 34.6 mg/kg to 41.92mg/kg and pH are decreased by 0.23 to 0.36 under the applications of Value-added phosphate fertilizers compared to the application of MAP（30.74 mg/kg,0.15）.Comparing with the MAP treatment,Humic acid phosphate fertilizers increased the content of Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P and Al-P,and increased the soil Ca₁₀-P at the early incubation,but decreased at the late stage of incubation.Alginic acid phosphate fertilizers and Glutamic acid phosphate fertilizers increased the content of Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P and Al-P,but decreased the soil Ca₁₀-P contents.The Value-added Phosphate had no significant effect on the soil Fe-P contents.（2）In soil columns leaching experiment,the accumulated P leaching amounts of Value-added phosphate fertilizers were less than 10%of the total applicationrate.The accumulated P leaching amounts increased under the applications of Humic acid phosphate fertilizers and Alginic acid phosphate fertilizers when Humic acid and Alginic acid were supplied,and the accumulated P leaching amounts was higher than that of control but lower than MAP treatment at the application rate of Humic acid and Alginic acid.However,the accumulated P leaching amounts was higher than MAP treatment under the medium and high amount of Humic acid and Alginic acid.The accumulated P leaching amounts at high application rate of Glutamic acid phosphate fertilizers was lower than that of the low and medium application rate of Glutamic acid,and also lower than MAP treatment.（3）The grain yield is increased by 9.35%to 48.31%and 1.36%to 39.27%,respectively at the low and medium P application rates of the value-added phosphate fertilizers.The grain yield is improved as the quantity of the synergist increased under the application of the value-added phosphate fertilizers.The yield of the value-added phosphate fertilizers is lower than MAP treatment under high P application rate.Compared to MAP treatment,the P uptake of wheat is increased by 37.04%to 42.59%and 18.18%to 32.73%under the low and medium P application rates of the humic acid phosphate fertilizer and the alginic acid phosphate fertilizer,respectively.Under the low and medium P application rates,the humic acid phosphate fertilizer and the alginic acid phosphate fertilizer increase the inorganic-P apparent recovery efficiency by 23.06%to 26.21%and 6.13%to 10.19%,respectively,compared to MAP treatment.（4）The maize yield of the value-added phosphate fertilizers is close to or lower than MAP treatment,respectively under the low and medium P application rates.But maize yield of the value-added phosphate fertilizers is increased by 12.72%to 18.05%under the high P application rates,compared to MAP treatment.The P uptake of maize and the inorganic-P apparent recovery efficiency is close to or lower than MAP treatment,respectively under the low and medium P application rates of the value-added phosphate fertilizers.Compared to MAP treatment,the P uptakes of maize are increased by10.95%to 29.93%and the inorganic-P apparent recovery efficiency by 4.11 to 11.38 percent under the high P application rates of the value-added phosphate fertilizers.In conclusion,the effects of Value-added phosphate fertilizers on reducing soil P fixation and enhancing phosphorus availability in calcareous soil were better than MAP,especially accelerated crop growth and nutrients absorption,as resulted in increasing the phosphorus utilization.更多还原