【作者】 孟晓；

【导师】 冯显英；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 机械工程， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,重型卡车、矿山车等大型工程作业车辆常行驶在非铺装路面上,其使用的金属轮毂配套橡胶充气轮胎的车轮结构在颠簸起伏、沙石、工程废料和尖锐杂物等复杂路况条件下容易出现车轮减振效果不佳、驾驶员驾驶体验不好、装载货物洒落甚至车辆倾倒的风险。并且此种路况大大增加了普通橡胶充气轮胎的磨损程度和爆胎失控风险,需要对车轮结构进行改进设计,避免出现上述各种不良后果。本文提出了以美国GACW公司的空气悬架轮(ASW)为设计灵感的空气悬挂机械减振车轮,并以此车轮作为研究对象,对其展开多项特性分析。具体分析内容如下:验证了空气悬挂车轮在满载状态下的承载能力。由于车轮主要依靠8个均匀排布的气动弹簧来承担绝大部分的外部载荷,在其滚动过程中,将存在两种极限接地位置且这两种状态下的气动弹簧将出现相应的最大压缩气压值。因此主要开展了气动弹簧在这两种极限接地位置的分析研究工作,最终得到了两种额定充气压力值并选择其中一种结果用于后续的验证分析。验证了空气悬挂车轮的静态力学特性。验证了车轮在极限垂向载荷和横向载荷作用下不会产生结构破坏,车轮的结构强度满足设计要求;验证了气动弹簧在已求得的额定气压值条件下的结构强度较好;验证了气动弹簧和横向制动器的疲劳寿命,结果符合设计要求,初步掌握了车轮的工作寿命和日常维护保养期限。验证了空气悬挂车轮的动态特性,本文特指车轮的模态特性。分别开展了内外轮辋、气动弹簧和横向制动器的自由模态和约束模态这两种状态的比较分析工作,确定了内外轮辋结构的薄弱区域,便于后期的结构改进。后又通过控制不同的变量因素,验证了各变量因素对车轮模态的影响强弱程度为下沉量>胎皮材料>转速。开展了空气悬挂车轮的拓扑分析及结构优化研究工作,主要针对内轮辋和外轮辋。以两者的静力学分析结果和模态分析结果为前提条件,通过拓扑分析手段找出合理的结构改进样式,并对两者的改进结果进行前后对比验证,从多种改进方案中选择得到了最合理的改进结果并装配成车轮完成了最终的验证分析,结果表明车轮的优化结果仍然满足设计要求且重量更轻。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,heavy trucks,mining trucks and other large engineering vehicles often drive on unpaved roads,and the wheel structure of the metal wheel supporting rubber pneumatic tires is prone to poor wheel vibration reduction effect,poor driver driving experience,and the risk of loading goods and even vehicle dumping under complex road conditions such as bumps,sand,engineering waste and sharp debris.And this kind of road conditions greatly increase the wear degree of ordinary rubber pneumatic tires and the risk of blowout out of control,it is necessary to improve the wheel structure design to avoid the above adverse consequences.This paper proposes an air suspension mechanical vibration reduction wheel inspired by the air suspension wheel(ASW)of GACW Company in the United States,and takes this wheel as the research object to carry out a number of characteristics analysis.The detailed analysis is as follows:The bearing capacity of air suspension wheel under full load is verified.Since the wheel mainly relies on eight evenly arranged pneumatic springs to bear most of the external load,during its rolling process,there will be two limiting ground positions and the corresponding maximum compression pressure value of the pneumatic spring under these two states.Therefore,the analysis and research of the pneumatic spring in these two limiting ground positions are mainly carried out,and two rated inflation pressure values are finally obtained,and one of the results is selected for subsequent verification and analysis.The static mechanical characteristics of air suspension wheel are verified.It is verified that the wheel will not cause structural damage under the ultimate vertical load and lateral load,and the structural strength of the wheel meets the design requirements.It is verified that the structural strength of the pneumatic spring is good under the condition of the obtained rated air pressure value.The fatigue life of pneumatic spring and transverse brake is verified,and the results meet the design requirements.The working life and daily maintenance period of wheel are preliminarily mastered.The dynamic characteristics of air suspension wheel are verified,especially the modal characteristics of wheel in this paper.The comparative analysis of free mode and constrained mode of inner and outer rim,pneumatic spring and transverse brake is carried out respectively,and the weak areas of inner and outer rim are determined,which is convenient for later structural improvement.Then,by controlling different variable factors,it is verified that the degree of influence of each variable factor on wheel mode is subsidence>tire material>speed.The topological analysis and structural optimization of air suspension wheel are carried out,mainly for inner and outer rim.Taking the static analysis results and modal analysis results of the two as the prerequisite,a reasonable structural improvement style was found out by means of topological analysis,and the improvement results of the two were compared before and after verification.The most reasonable improvement result was selected from various improvement schemes and assembled into a wheel to complete the final verification analysis.The results show that the optimization results of the wheel still meet the design requirements and the weight is lighter.更多还原