【作者】 刘阳；

【导师】 赵美；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 文物与博物馆， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 璋形器为古代的一种器物,是上古时期重要的礼器。文献中经常见到用“璋”赞扬君子的品德。《诗经·大雅》:“颙颙昂昂,如圭如璋,令闻令望,岂弟君子,四方为纲。”璋形器在东亚和东南亚都有发现,主要集中在中国,最早可追溯到新石器时代末期。三代璋形器的经历了长久的变化。夏代璋形器出土数量极少,集中在二里头遗址。商代出土璋形器数量丰富,北方地区表现为以安阳殷墟为中心,山西、山东局部发展;南方以四川三星堆为中心,湖北、湖南、广东、福建局部发展。到了西周,璋形器出土数量减少,集中于某一区域的现象发生改变,并仅在北方的河南、山东、山西、陕西和南方的四川有发现。至春秋战国时期,以四川为中心的金沙遗址延续三星堆文化的繁荣,璋形器大量出现,同时北方相对衰落,出土少量璋形器。本文综合夏商周时期璋形器出土资料,对其进行系统整理和研究,将璋形器分为夏、商、西周、春秋战国四个时间段对考古出土材料进行介绍,并按照金、铜、玉石三种质地对璋形器进行分类、分式的类型学研究;根据类型学和数据统计情况将璋形器分为发展期、繁荣期、衰变期、衰落期四个期别;根据不同区域不同时代璋形器所表现出的相似性,对璋形器的传播情况进行讨论;根据墓主随葬璋形器情况判定出璋形器主要使用人群为奴隶主贵族,在商代极小部分平民也使用璋形器;根据文献记载和璋形器出土位置,探索出璋形器具有祭祀、装饰、丧葬这三个功能,在丧葬用璋下继续分析出璋形器具有殓尸、记事、棺饰、口琀、手握五个具体功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Zhang shaped vessel is an ancient artifact and an important ritual vessel in ancient times.It is often seen in literature that "zhang" is used to praise the character of a gentleman.The Book of Songs,Daya:"Yong Yong Ang,such as Gui Ru Zhang,command and command,regardless of the size of a gentleman,the four directions are the outline." Zhang shaped vessels have been found in East Asia and Southeast Asia,mainly concentrated in China,and can be traced back to the late Neolithic period.The three generations of Zhang shaped vessels have undergone long-term changes.The number of Zhang shaped artifacts unearthed in the Xia Dynasty is extremely small,concentrated in the Erlitou site.The number of Zhang shaped wares unearthed in the Shang Dynasty is rich.The northern region is centered on Yin Xu in Anyang,with local development in Shanxi and Shandong;The southern region is centered around Sanxingdui in Sichuan,with partial development in Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,and Fujian.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,the number of unearthed Zhang shaped vessels decreased,and the phenomenon of concentration in a certain region changed,only found in Henan,Shandong,Shanxi,Shaanxi in the north and Sichuan in the south.During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period,the Jinsha Site centered around Sichuan continued the prosperity of the Sanxingdui culture,with a large number of Zhang shaped artifacts appearing.At the same time,the northern region declined relatively,and a small number of Zhang shaped artifacts were unearthed.This article comprehensively compiles and studies the unearthed materials of Zhang shaped vessels from the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties.The Zhang shaped vessels are divided into four time periods:Xia,Shang,Western Zhou,Spring and Autumn,and Warring States.The archaeological excavated materials are introduced,and the Zhang shaped vessels are classified and classified according to the three textures of gold,copper,and jade,and the typological research on their classification is conducted;According to typology and statistical data,the Zhang shaped instrument can be divided into four periods:development period,prosperity period,decay period,and decline period;Based on the similarities exhibited by Zhang shaped vessels in different regions and eras,discuss the dissemination of Zhang shaped vessels;According to the situation of the tomb owner burying Zhang shaped vessels,it was determined that the main users of Zhang shaped vessels were slave owners and nobles.In the Shang Dynasty,a very small number of civilians also used Zhang shaped vessels;Based on literature records and the location of the unearthed Zhang shaped vessels,it is explored that Zhang shaped vessels have three functions:sacrificial,decorative,and funeral.Under the use of funeral vessels,it is further analyzed that Zhang shaped vessels have five specific functions:mortuary,memorial,coffin decoration,mouth decoration,and hand holding.更多还原