【作者】 李宁；

【导师】 李欣；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 2020年初,位于中国中部的城市武汉爆发了新型冠状病毒,这引起了世界各国新闻媒体的关注。许多媒体发表了大量相关的新闻报道,然而看似客观公正的新闻报道实际上包含着不同的意识形态,部分西方媒体借机“污名化”甚至“妖魔化”中国,抹黑中国形象。批评性话语分析有助于揭示话语中的意识形态和权力关系。迄今为止,作者发现对中国新冠肺炎疫情的报道进行批评性话语分析的研究数量较少。因此本研究基于《中国日报》和《纽约时报》对中国新型冠状病毒肺炎的新闻报道进行批评性话语分析,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本研究以费尔克劳夫的三维模型为理论框架,韩礼德的系统功能语法作为分析手段,从《中国日报》、《纽约时报》分别挑选出487篇和186篇与中国新冠肺炎疫情相关的新闻报道建立小型语料库作为研究语料,并使用Antconc 3.5.9(Windows)2020对所建语料库进行分析,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,试图探讨以下三个研究问题:(1)《中国日报》和《纽约时报》如何使用高频词、索引行、搭配词表和词簇报道中国新冠肺炎疫情?(2)在新闻来源和转述方式上,《中国日报》和《纽约时报》揭示了中国新冠肺炎疫情报道背后怎样的意识形态?(3)哪些因素对《中国日报》和《纽约时报》报道中国新冠肺炎疫情产生影响?主要研究结果如下:(1)通过对高频词、索引行、搭配词表和词簇的分析,发现《中国日报》多用中性词来报道疫情,用褒义词来表现中国在抗击疫情中的态度和措施,用贬义词指责美国不负责任的言论和做法。相反,《纽约时报》积极评价美国承担起抗击新型冠状病毒的重任,但却用否定性词语指责中国新冠肺炎疫情信息不透明和疫苗的有效性等问题。(2)在新闻来源方面,《中国日报》和《纽约时报》都倾向于使用具体来源来报道新闻,但《中国日报》所占比例相对较大。在报道方式上,两种媒体都注重使用间接引语进行新闻报道,以传达隐藏在新闻报道背后的意识形态。(3)在影响因素方面,作者分别从政治、经济和文化三个方面来阐述中美两家媒体报道内容差异较大的原因。首先在政治方面,两国社会制度不同,中国坚持以人民为中心,向世界展示了一个负责任的大国形象,而美国一直对中国的政治制度抱有偏见,利用舆论力量诋毁中国政府损害中国声誉,试图将防疫措施不力的责任转移给中国。在经济方面,中国经济的快速发展威胁着美国作为世界领袖的地位,本次疫情严重影响了中国经济,因此美国妄图利用这个机会,通过病毒问题政治化、诽谤等手段遏制中国。在文化上,儒家思想是中国传统文化及当代社会的主流,主张集体主义,崇尚和谐。因此,中国在抗击疫情方面一直寻求合作。而美国推崇个人主义至上,主张更多地关注自己,保护自己的利益。因此,许多美国人为了自己的利益不遵守规定,导致大量感染。本文的研究有助于丰富批评性话语分析的研究,尤其是新闻话语分析,并且有利于阐明中国新型冠状病毒肺炎的本质,总结经验教训,为防治新型冠状病毒的提供一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the beginning of 2020,COVID-19 broke out in the central city of China,Wuhan,which attracts the attention of news media from all over the world.And these media produce numerous related news reports.The seemingly objective and impartial news reports actually contain different ideologies,which often affect readers’ opinions,ideas and judgments.Some Western media took the opportunity to "stigmatize" or even "demonize" China and smear China’s image.Critical discourse analysis is quite helpful to reveal the ideology and power relations within discourses.So far,there have been few studies on critical discourse analysis of news reports on the COVID-19 epidemic in China according to the author’s studies.Therefore,this research conducts the critical discourse analysis of news reports on the COVID-19 epidemic in China from China Daily and The New York Times,which is of great theoretical and practical significance.With Fairclough’s three-dimensional model as the theoretical framework and Halliday’s systemic-functional grammar as the analytical mean,this study,based on 487 news reports extracted from China Daily and 196 news reports from The New York Times which are related to the COVID-19 epidemic in China and by building up two corpora,combining qualitative and quantitative research methods,aims to analyze the selected corpus with the help of AntConc 3.5.9(Windows)2020 and tries to explore the following three research questions:(1)How do China Daily and The New York Times cover the COVID-19 epidemic in China in terms of word lists,concordance lines,collocates and clusters?(2)What kinds of ideologies behind news reports on the COVID-19 epidemic in China from China Daily and The New York Times are revealed in terms of news source and reporting mode?(3)What factors exert influence on ideologies behind news reports on the COVID-19 epidemic in China from China Daily and The New York Times?The major findings are as follows:(1)Through the analysis of word lists,concordance lines,collocates and clusters,the author finds that China Daily uses neutral words to cover the epidemic,commendatory words to show China’s attitude and measures taken to fight against the COVID-19,and derogatory terms to accuse the United States of irresponsible statements and practices.While The New York Times adopts commendatory terms to demonstrate that the United States shoulders the task of fighting against COVID-19 epidemic,it adopts negative words to blame China for the opaque epidemic information and ineffective vaccines.(2)In terms of news source,both China Daily and The New York Times prefer to use specific source to report news,but China Daily accounts for a relatively large proportion.In terms of reporting mode,both media uses indirect speech for news reporting to convey the ideology hidden behind the news reports.(3)In terms of influencing factors,the author expounds the reasons from three aspects:politics,economy and culture.First of all,in terms of politics,China is a socialist country and insists on serving the people,while the United States has always been biased against China’s political system,trying to shift the responsibility for the poor epidemic prevention measures to China.In terms of economy,the rapid development of China’s economy threatens the status of the United States as a world leader,so it must contain China’s economic development.The epidemic has severely affected China’s economy,so the United States tries to contain China by politicizing and defaming the virus issue.Culturally,Confucianism is the mainstream of Chinese culture which advocates collectivism and emphasizes harmony.Therefore,China has been seeking cooperation in fighting the epidemic.In contrast,The United States advocates the supremacy of individualism and focuses on protecting its own interests.As a result,many Americans did not follow the rules for their own benefit,resulting in a large number of infections.This thesis is helpful to enrich the researches of critical discourse analysis,especially news discourse analysis,clarify the essence of the COVID-19 epidemic in China,sum up experience and lessons,and provide some suggestions for combating the epidemic.更多还原