【作者】 刘婷；

【导师】 乔翠兰；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学（物理）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 2021年7月24日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》(以下简称“双减”),一石激起千层浪,引发了学校、家庭、机构、社会各界的强烈反响。“双减”意味着学校要“夺回”教育的主阵地,对教师教学提出了新的要求。从认知发现理论、构建主义理论和深度学习理论出发,结合一线教师的教育经验,提出了在初中物理习题课中进行微专题教学的基本策略:(1)主题生成的策略为从学生的实际学情切入、从中考的高频考点切入、从常见的物理模型切入等;(2)内容编制的策略为设计“微精深”内容、构建支架式题组、进行对比式分析等;(3)教学实践的策略为发掘问题、典例分析、拓展延伸等。然后,以《灯泡的亮度问题》、《电路故障分析》、《浮力和压强的大小比较》和《多档位电路的综合计算》四个微专题教学设计为案例,凸显了微专题教学精心设计、深度加工题目、帮助学生搭建学习支架等优点。接着,在深圳市的一所重点中学初三年级进行了一个学期的教学实践,通过两个方面对教学实践的效果进行测评。一方面通过三次教学实验对比,证明微专题习题课教学的效果要优于常规习题课教学,微专题可以有效提升学生解决某类问题的能力,在实际教学中具有可行性和有效性;另一方面对整体的情况进行了效果测评,微专题教学在学生中获得了积极的反馈,在给学生减负上表现良好,并且在一定程度上有助于成绩的提升。最后进行总结分析和反思展望。认为微专题教学可以在减轻学生课业负担的同时提升教学质量,是落实“双减”减负增质的核心要求的有效途径。希望通过更深入的理论和实践研究,能够进一步完善和发展微专题教学。更多还原

【Abstract】 On July 24 t.2021.the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council printed and distributed "The Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Students’ Homework and Off-school Training at the Stage of Compulsory Education"(hereinafter referred to as the "Two Reductions"),which aroused great repercussions among schools,families,institutions and all sectors of society.The "Two Reductions" means that schools should "recapture" the main position of education,and put forward new requirements for teachers’ teaching.As a new teaching mode,micro-topic teaching provides a new way for the implementation of "Two Reductions".Based on the cognitive discovery theory,constructivism theory and deep learning theory,combined with the educational experience of front-line teachers,this paper puts forward the basic strategies for micro topic teaching in junior high school physics exercise classes:(1)The strategies for theme generation are from the students’ actual learning situation,from the high-frequency test points of the Senior High School Entrance Examination,from the common physical models,etc;(2)The strategies of content compilation are to design "micro and deep" content,construct scaffolding question groups,and conduct comparative analysis,etc;(3)The strategies of teaching practice are to explore problems,analyze typical examples,expand and extend,etc.Later,the teaching design was carried out with four micro topics,namely,"Brightness of Light Bulbs","Circuit Failure Analysis","Comparison of the Size of Buoyancy and Pressure" and "Comprehensive Calculation of Multi Gear Circuits",which highlighted the advantages of careful design of micro topic teaching,in-depth processing of topics,and helping students build learning scaffolding.Then,a semester of teaching practice was conducted in the Junior Grade 3 of a key middle school in Shenzhen,and the effect of teaching practice was evaluated in two aspects.On the one hand,through three teaching experiments,it is proved that the teaching effect of micro topic exercise class is better than that of conventional exercise class,and micro topic can effectively improve students’ ability to solve certain problems,which is feasible and effective in actual teaching;On the other hand,the overall situation was evaluated.Micro topic teaching has received positive feedback from students,and has performed well in reducing students’ burden,and to a certain extent,it is helpful to improve performance.Finally,the summary analysis and reflection outlook are made.It is believed that micro topic teaching can reduce students’ workload and improve teaching quality at the same time,which is an effective way to implement the core requirements of "Two Reductions" to reduce burden and improve quality.It is hoped that through more in-depth theoretical and practical research,micro topic teaching can be further improved and developed.更多还原