【作者】 王国梁；

【导师】 李京华； 梁鹏；

【作者基本信息】 山西师范大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 扶贫小额信贷政策作为金融扶贫工作的创新之举,为解决我国贫困问题作出了巨大贡献。2021年,随着脱贫攻坚圆满收官,根据国家政策,扶贫小额信贷政策在未来5年的过渡期内将继续延续,在总体支持力度不减的趋势下,承接为脱贫人口小额信贷政策。政策实施一年多来,各地因地制宜采取了一系列举措,在取得良好成效的同时,也显露出许多问题。由于脱贫人口小额信贷工作政策性较强,因此研究其政策执行成效对于解决存在问题、实现政策目标有很大的帮助作用。本文选取山西省临汾市作为研究对象,梳理了小额信贷政策的研究现状及临汾市脱贫人口小额信贷政策的执行情况,运用史密斯政策执行过程模型理论,分析了执行过程中存在的问题以及产生这些问题的原因,进而提出了完善政策执行的对策建议。本文认为,临汾市在脱贫人口小额信贷政策执行过程中,主要存在:政策覆盖面不足、新旧政策衔接不紧密、风险补偿金保障作用发挥不到位、指标化定额致使基层承贷银行承担较大的放款压力、银行业机构脱贫人口小额贷款发放不平衡、各政策执行主体之间沟通协调还需加强等六方面问题。运用史密斯政策执行过程模型理论,深入分析问题产生的原因,主要包括四个方面:政策本身方面,政策细化程度不足、与操作流程的有效衔接仍存空白;执行主体方面,银行机构内生动力不足,政策执行者素质有待提高,政策执行机构协作机制有待进一步完善;目标群体方面,脱贫人口文化程度仍然较低、年龄偏大、政策参与意识不强;政策环境方面,脱贫地区产业发展较为困难、各方帮扶力量的作用没有得到真正发挥、农村信用体系建设仍不完善。要解决这些问题,就需要“对症下药”。具体来说,在制度制定上,要持续细化完善政策规定,确保制度与流程有效衔接。在政策执行上,要完善政策执行各方沟通协调机制,加大金融支持力度和风险补偿政策执行力度,优化考核激励机制,增强执行合力。与此同时,还要进一步加强政策宣讲,提高脱贫人口政策参与意识,加强职业技能培训,激发脱贫人口内生动力。最后,要提高脱贫地区产业发展水平,建设完善农村信用体系,有效发挥保险的风险保障作用,全方位优化政策的执行环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important innovation of financial poverty alleviation,the poverty alleviation micro credit policy has made an important contribution to winning the battle against poverty on schedule.In 2021,with the successful completion of poverty alleviation,according to the national policy,the poverty alleviation micro credit policy will continue in the transition period of the next five years,and continue to be the micro credit policy for the poverty alleviation population without decreasing the overall support.Since the implementation of the policy for more than a year,various localities have taken a series of measures in line with local conditions.While achieving good results,they have also exposed some problems that cannot be ignored.Since the micro credit work for the poverty relief population is highly policy oriented,and its dependence on the policy is much higher than that of other assistance work,paying attention to the effect of the policy implementation will help solve the practical difficulties and better achieve the policy objectives.This paper takes Linfen City,Shanxi Province,as the research object,combs the research status of micro credit policies for poverty alleviation population and the implementation of micro credit policies for poverty alleviation population in Linfen City,deeply analyzes the problems and reasons in policy implementation,and put forword countermeasures and suggestions.This paper believes that in the process of implementing the micro-credit policy for the poverty-stricken population in Linfen City,the main problems are: the old and new policies are not closely linked,some loan households are unable to obtain risk compensation,the role of risk compensation protection is not effectively played,the growing micro-credit task for the poverty-stricken population conflicts with the constantly consolidating poverty alleviation achievements,and the imbalance in the issuance of micro-credit for the poverty-stricken population in banking institutions is prominent,There are five problems such as inadequate communication and coordination among the policy implementation entities.The causes of the problems are analyzed in depth,mainly including four aspects: the policy,the lack of policy refinement,and the gap in the effective connection with the operation process;In terms of the executive body,the internal motivation of the banking institutions is insufficient,the capacity of the policy executors needs to be improved,and the coordination mechanism of the policy executive institutions needs to be further improved;In terms of policy target population,the poverty relief population is still low in education,older in age,and less aware of policy participation;In terms of policy circumstance,the industrial development in poverty relief areas is relatively difficult,the role of various support forces has not been truly played,and the construction of rural credit system is still imperfect.To solve these problems,we need to "suit the medicine to the case".Specifically,in the formulation of the system,we should continue to refine and improve the policies and regulations to ensure the effective connection between the system and the process.In the aspect of policy enforcement,it is necessary to improve the communication mechanism of all parties involved in policy implementation,increase financial support and risk compensation policy implementation,optimize the assessment and incentive mechanism,and enhance the resultant force of policy implementation.At the same time,we should also strengthen policy publicity,improve the awareness of participation in poverty alleviation policies,strengthen vocational skills training,and stimulate the endogenous motivation of poverty alleviation population.Finally,we should improve the level of industrial development in poverty-stricken areas,accelerate and improve the construction of rural credit system,effectively give full play to the function of insurance risk protection,and optimize the implementation environment of policies in an all-round way.更多还原