【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 李建涛； 韩淑敏；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 为提高肉鸡的抗应激能力和免疫力,减少由于应激造成的损失,提高肉鸡生产性能,选择五味补中益气有抗应激和增强免疫效果的中草药进行微生物发酵、酶解、菌酶协同发酵三种方法进行体外预处理。筛选出每味中草药的最佳处理方式后,再组成配方,研究其对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡抗应激和提高免疫的作用。本研究分为以下两个试验。试验一:抗应激促免疫中草药体外预处理研究。本试验采用单因素实验设计,利用黑曲霉培养物、地衣芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌(均为5×10~7CFU/g,添加比例1:1:1)混合均匀对五味中草药进行微生物发酵处理;利用中草药专用复合酶(木聚糖酶8000IU/g,纤维素酶30IU/g,漆酶4000IU/g,添加量为5kg/t)对五味中草药进行酶解处理;利用等同的复合酶和复合菌对五味中草药进行菌酶协同发酵处理。体外预处理后的活性物质含量与未处理的对比,选择出最优的体外预处理方法。试验结果表明:(1)黄芪进行酶解处理其多糖含量最高;(2)甘草进行酶解处理其多糖含量最高;(3)当归进行菌酶协同发酵处理其黄酮的含量最高;(4)茯苓进行酶解处理其多糖含量最高;(5)松针进行酶解处理其松多酚含量最高。试验二:中草药对白羽肉鸡抗应激促免疫的应用效果研究。1.选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉仔鸡200只,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8只鸡。正式试验分0-21 d和22-42 d两个阶段进行饲喂,两个阶段的配方营养比例不同,全程均采用自由采食。对照组不添加中草药,未处理组添加1%的未处理中药复方添加剂,其余三个处理组分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%的预处理中药复方添加剂。试验第1、21、42 d早8点对每组肉仔鸡分别进行空腹称重,记录数据。每日记录给料量和剩料量。2.在21、42 d称重后在每个重复组中随机抽取3只鸡进行抽血并屠宰,收集血清后保存待测,肉鸡屠宰完后采集其中的胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊和心脏用于计算免疫器官指数。试验结果表明:(1)在肉仔鸡日粮中添加复方中草药,其生长性能、免疫功能和抗应激能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)在肉仔鸡日粮中添加1%预处理后的中草药,与1%未处理组相比,能够显著提高白羽肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能和抗应激能力(P<0.05)。(3)三个添加不同比例预处理中草药的处理组中,添加量为1%和1.5%的处理组的数据比0.5%的处理组明显更好(P<0.05),1%处理组和1.5%处理组之间对比差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)综合以上结果,考虑饲料成本的情况下,本试验的预处理中药复方添加剂在爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡日粮中的适宜添加比例为1%。本研究结果表明,复方中草药经过体外预处理后可以提高有效活性成分的含量,提高药效和利用率。爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡日粮中添加经体外预处理后的复方中草药,能够提高肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能和抗应激能力。本试验结果可以为抗应激促免疫中草药在肉鸡养殖方面的应用提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the anti stress ability and immunity of broilers,reduce the losses caused by stress,and improve the production performance of broilers,Chinese herbal medicines with anti stress and enhanced immune effects,such as five types of medicinal herbs that tonify the spleen and increase Qi,were selected for in vitro pretreatment through three methods:microbial fermentation,enzymatic hydrolysis,and microbial enzyme collaborative fermentation.After selecting the best treatment method for each Chinese herbal medicine,a formula was formulated to study its anti stress and immune enhancement effects on white feather broilers.This study was divided into the following two experiments.Experiment 1:Study on in vitro pretreatment of anti stress and immune promoting Chinese herbal medicine.This experiment adopts a single factor experimental design,using Aspergillus niger culture,Bacillus licheniformis,and Bacillus coagulans(all 5×10~7CFU/g,with an addition ratio of 1:1:1)was mixed evenly to conduct microbial fermentation treatment on five Chinese herbal medicines;Enzymatic hydrolysis of five Chinese herbal medicines was carried out using a special complex enzyme for Chinese herbal medicine(xylanase 8000IU/g,cellulase 30IU/g,laccase 4000IU/g,with an added amount of 5kg/t);Five Chinese herbal medicines were processed by using the same complex enzymes and complex bacteria for bacteria enzyme co fermentation.The optimal in vitro pretreatment method was selected by comparing the content of active substances after in vitro pretreatment with untreated ones.The results showed that:(1)The polysaccharide content of Astragalus membranaceus after enzymatic hydrolysis was the highest;(2)Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch has the highest polysaccharide content after enzymatic hydrolysis;(3)The content of flavonoids in Angelica sinensis was the highest when it was subjected to microbial enzyme co fermentation;(4)Poria cocos has the highest polysaccharide content after enzymatic hydrolysis;(5)Pine needles subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis had the highest content of pine polyphenols.Experiment 2:Study on the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on anti stress and immune promotion in white feather broilers.Select 200 1-day old white feather broilers and randomly divide them into 5 treatment groups,with 5 replicates for each treatment and 8 chickens for each replicates.The formal trial was conducted in two stages,0-21 days and 22-42 days,with different formula nutrient ratios and free feeding throughout the entire process.The control group was not added with Chinese herbal medicine,the untreated group was added with 1%of untreated Chinese herbal compound additives,and the remaining three treatment groups were added with 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%of pretreated Chinese herbal compound additives,respectively.On the 1st,21st,and 42nd days of the experiment,each group of broilers was weighed on an empty stomach at 8 a.m.,and the data were recorded.Record the feeding and remaining amounts daily.After weighing on the 21st and 42nd days,three chickens were randomly selected from each replicate group for blood sampling and slaughter.Serum was collected and stored for testing.After slaughter,the thymus,spleen,bursa fabricius,and heart of the broilers were collected for calculating the immune organ index.The results showed that:(1)Adding compound Chinese herbal medicine to the diet of white feather broilers significantly improved their growth performance,immune function,and anti stress ability compared to the control group(P<0.05);(2)Adding 1%pretreated Chinese herbal medicine to the diet of white feather broilers significantly improved the growth performance,immune function,and anti stress ability of white feather broilers compared to the 1%untreated group(P<0.05).(3)Among the three treatment groups that added different proportions of pretreated Chinese herbal medicine,the data of the treatment group with the addition amount of 1%and 1.5%was significantly better than that of the 0.5%treatment group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the 1%treatment group and the 1.5%treatment group(P>0.05).(4)Based on the above results,considering the feed cost,the appropriate addition ratio of the pre-treatment Chinese herbal compound additive in the diet of white feather broilers in this experiment is 1%.The results of this study indicate that the content of effective active ingredients can be increased,and the efficacy and utilization rate of compound Chinese herbal medicines can be improved after in vitro pretreatment.Adding compound Chinese herbal medicines to the diet of white feather broilers after in vitro pretreatment can improve the growth performance,immune function,and anti stress ability of white feather broilers.The results of this experiment can provide theoretical basis for the application of anti stress and immune promoting Chinese herbal medicine in white feather broiler breeding.更多还原