【作者】 陈铸；

【导师】 方辉； 应世礼；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 数控加工的多参数输入、输出和加工过程中刀具磨损、机床振动等复杂因素的影响,决定了仅靠机床设备的硬件精度提升和参数调整难以保证长期加工的精度稳定性。为改进此项不足,以磨削加工机床为研究对象,以工件实际检测结果为依据,研究开发加工检测一体化技术与装备,建立实时检测与反馈补偿相结合的一体化系统,基于大量工件尺寸数据和计算机技术,可以实现系统的精度变化规律预测和即时补偿反馈。系统方案采用接触式位移传感器作为工件尺寸测量工具,设计制造了磨床在线检测工艺装置,并使用激光测径仪对工件尺寸进行二次测量,将测量结果导入系统作为误差分析的参考值,配合工控机和数控系统的程序设计,实现加工过程的实时监控和加工误差自动补偿,提高磨削机床的加工精度稳定性。已将系统成功应用于数控磨床加工过程,完成了系统基本功能测试,进行了大量加工实验,取得了实验数据并进行了统计分析。其中50个直径30mm工件外圆加工误差显示,同一工序下机床连续加工工件的误差增长率从0.97μm/个降至0.06μm/个,外径误差测量值稳定在5μm以内,系统自动补偿功能效果显著。系统采用模块化设计,支持多台机床总线联机加工,也可拓展连接在多种中低端数控系统上,是一项通用的、低成本的技术优化方案,为提高机床加工精度稳定性提供了新的技术路线。更多还原

【Abstract】 The multi-parameter input and output of CNC machining and the influence of complex factors such as tool wear and machine tool vibration in the machining process determine that it is difficult to ensure the accuracy stability of long-term machining only by the hardware accuracy improvement and parameter adjustment of machine tool equipment.To improve this deficiency,grinding machine tools are taken as the research object,and based on the actual detection results of workpieces,integrated technology and equipment for processing and detection are developed.An integrated system combining real-time detection and feedback processing is established.Based on a large amount of workpiece size data and computer technology,the accuracy change pattern prediction and real-time compensation feedback of the system can be achieved.The system scheme adopts a contact displacement sensor as the workpiece size measurement tool,designs and manufactures an online detection process device for grinding machines,and uses a laser caliper to measure the workpiece size twice.The measurement results are imported into the system as reference values for error analysis.In conjunction with the programming of industrial control computers and CNC systems,real-time monitoring of the machining process and automatic compensation of machining errors are achieved,improving the machining accuracy and stability of the grinding machine.The system has been successfully applied to the machining process of CNC grinding machines,and basic functional testing of the system has been completed.A large number of machining experiments have been conducted,and experimental data has been obtained and statistically analyzed.The system adopts a modular design that supports multiple machine tool bus online processing,and can also be extended and connected to various low-end CNC systems.It is a universal and low-cost technical optimization solution that provides a technical road for improving the stability of machine tool processing accuracy.更多还原