【作者】 刘娟；

【导师】 潘兵宏；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,我国路网密度不断增加,占地、拆迁、地形和地物等因素对互通式立交建设发展的制约程度增强,常规的匝道布设形式难以满足所有互通式立交设置的需求。为使互通式立交匝道布局紧凑,大幅减少填挖工程数量,减少大型建筑物及居民区的拆迁量,控制总体占地面积,充分发挥节地效应,右转匝道左置形式被应用于互通式立交设计。但现行《标准》、《路线规范》、《立交细则》中均未涉及右转匝道左置形式的相关设计指标,应用时缺乏理论参考依据,且该形式的特殊性在一定程度上会造成行车安全隐患。因此本文围绕右转匝道左置形式的设计指标及交通安全保障措施开展研究,为右转匝道左置形式的合理设计提供参考。首先,界定了右转匝道左置的形式并分析了该形式下的交通行为特征。通过全国范围内右转匝道左置形式的应用现状统计分析,明确了该形式在互通式立交中的具体应用位置,据此划分出该形式的3种主要应用类型;采用图示法界定了不同应用类型下右转匝道左置的形式,并对比分析了该形式相比于常规形式的特殊之处;基于互通式立交中应用右转匝道左置形式的路段几何特征和实测交通环境数据,利用UCwin/Road仿真软件建立的道路模型,通过Forum8驾驶模拟仿真平台开展了驾驶模拟试验,根据试验过程中驾驶人的各项行为指标结果,明确了右转匝道左置路段驾驶人交通行为特征。其次,依据右转匝道左置形式的3种应用类型,分别分析了各类型下的关键设计指标。基于无人机航拍视频及Tracker图像识别软件,获取了右转匝道左置形式下的匝道连续分流区交通数据,确定了车辆的运行速度特征、车头时距分布特征及换道行为特征等,通过对匝道连续分流间距范围的重新界定及对匝道连续分流具体形式的划分,建立了基于最不利行驶条件的匝道连续分流最小间距计算模型,并根据实测数据计算提出了包括标志判断、等待换道、执行换道3阶段所需行驶距离的匝道连续分流最小间距建议值;基于无人机航拍视频及Tracker图像识别软件,获取了应用右转匝道左置形式的T形和Y形互通式立交分流区交通数据,明确了右转匝道左置减速车道上车辆的运行速度特征及减速车道前主线基本路段上车头时距分布特征和换道行为特征,通过对出口识别视距范围的界定,建立了考虑驾驶人视觉反应及换道的识别视距计算模型,并提出了识别视距建议值;基于重新界定的主线侧连续出口间距范围,建立了包括识别视距及下游减速车道渐变段长度的主线侧连续出口最小间距计算模型,然后通过处理无人机航拍的右转匝道左置形式下出口路段减速车道交通运行视频数据,得到了减速车道车辆速度、减速度等参数,提出了直接式减速车道长度;基于减速车道几何构造关系确定了减速车道渐变段长度,提出了右转匝道左置形式下主线侧连续出口最小间距建议值。最后,基于右转匝道左置形式的特殊性及出口路段驾驶人驶错行为的原因分析,提出了包括指路标志设置、交通标线设置及出口识别视距保证的右转匝道左置路段交通安全保障技术。本文关于互通式立交右转匝道左置形式关键设计指标及相关交通安全保障技术的研究成果,将为受地形、土地、地物限制的互通式立交建设项目提供右转匝道左置形式的设计理论和技术指标支撑,并为运营管理阶段交通安全保障措施的设置提供指导和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,with the increasing density of expressway in China,the constraints of land occupation,demolition,terrain,objects and other factors on the construction and development of interchanges are enhanced.The conventional ramp layout is difficult to meet the requirements of all interchange settings.In order to make ramp layout compact,significantly reduce the number of filling and excavation works,reduce the demolition of large buildings and residential areas,control the overall floor area of the interchange,and give full play to the land saving effect,the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left has been applied to interchange design.However,the current design specifications do not involve the relevant design indexes about the form of right-turn ramp positioned on the left,lacking theoretical reference in application,and the particularity of the form will lead to traffic safety hazards to a certain extent,so this paper focuses on the design indexes and traffic safety guarantee measures of the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left to provide reasonable reference for the design.Firstly,the definition of the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left is defined and the traffic behavior characteristics with the form are analyzed.Based on nationwide statistical analysis for the application status of the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left,the specific application position of the form in the interchange is clarified,and three main application types of the form are divided accordingly;The form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left at different application types is defined by graphical method,and the form particularity compared with conventional form is analyzed;Based on the geometric characteristics and actual traffic environment information of two sections where the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left is applied in interchanges,establish road models using UC-win/Road simulation software,carry out driving simulation test by Forum8 driving simulation platform,clarify the driving behavior characteristics at the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left according to the results of all driving behavior indexes during the test,and summarize traffic problems in the test sections.Secondly,based on the three application types of the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left,the key design indexes of the form are analyzed for each type.Based on the drone aerial videos and the image recognition software-Tracker,obtain the traffic data in the consecutive diversion area of the ramp in the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left,determine the operating speed characteristics,headway time distance distribution characteristics,and lane change behavior characteristics of vehicles,establish the minimum spacing calculation model for ramp consecutive diversion under the most unfavorable driving conditions by redefining the range of ramp consecutive diversion spacing and dividing the specific forms of ramp consecutive diversion,and calculate the minimum spacing for consecutive diversion in the ramp based on the measured data,including the required driving distance in four stages: sign judgement,waiting for lane change,lane change,and adaptation;Based on the drone aerial videos and the image recognition software-Tracker,obtain the traffic data of diversion areas in the T-shaped and Y-shaped interchanges with the application of the form with right-turn ramp positioned on the left,clarify the operating speed characteristics of vehicles on the deceleration lane under the design of right-turn ramp positioned on the left and the headway distribution characteristics and lane change behavior characteristics on the basic section of the mainline in front of the deceleration lane,establish the decision sight distance calculation model considering the driver’s visual reaction and lane change through the definition for the exit decision sight distance range,and proposed the decision sight distance;Based on the redefined range of consecutive exit spacing on the mainline side,established the minimum spacing calculation model for consecutive exit,including decision sight distance and the length of gradient segment on the downstream deceleration lane,obtain the vehicle speed and deceleration speed in the deceleration lane by processing the drone aerial videos of traffic operation in the deceleration lane of the exit section with the form of right-turn ramp positioned on the left,propose the length of the direct deceleration lane,determine the length of gradient segment on the deceleration lane based on the geometric configuration of deceleration lane,and propose the minimum spacing between consecutive exits on the mainline side under the form of right-turn ramp positioned on the left.Finally,based on the special characteristics of the form with right-turn ramp left,considering the causes for drivers’ wrong driving behavior on the exit section,the traffic safety guarantee technology for the segment with right-turn ramp left is proposed,including the setting of directional signs,traffic markings,and exit decision sight distance guarantee.The research results of this paper on the key design indexes and related traffic safety techniques for the form of right-turn ramp positioned on the left in the interchange will provide support for the design theory and technical indicators of the form with right-turn ramp left in interchange construction projects constrained by terrain,land and buildings,and also provide guidance and reference for the setting of traffic safety measures in the operation management phase.更多还原