【作者】 孟鑫；

【导师】 张和生； 杨文府；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 测绘工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 太行山、吕梁山地区是中国北方的重要山脉,植被分布和生态系统结构受到气候条件、地形地貌和人类活动的影响。例如农业和林业的开发,以及城市化进程等,都可能导致土地利用和植被覆盖的变化。植被净初级生产力(NPP)是碳循环的重要组成部分,不仅可以表明植被覆盖变化,同时也可以反映生态系统的健康状况,研究自然因素与人类活动对植被NPP的影响,有助于深入了解当地生态系统的演变历程,预测生态系统的响应和适应能力,制定更科学的生态保护和生态恢复策略。本研究首先,基于MODIS数据、气象数据、DEM数据等,借助CASA模型计算2000—2019年太行山、吕梁山植被实际净初级生产力(NPP_A);利用变异系数、趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法分析该区域植被NPP_A的时空分布格局。其次,通过相关性分析讨论植被NPP_A对气象因子的时空响应;采用统计分析研究不同土壤类型和地形因子对植被NPP_A的响应情况。最后,利用人类活动相对影响贡献率指数(RICI),定量评价人类活动对植被NPP的影响,同时分析了RICI的时空变化特征;选取土地利用变化、人口密度、生态保护修复工程三方面来比较详细地分析植被NPP_A对人类活动的响应情况。得到如下研究结论:(1)太行山和吕梁山的植被NPP_A整体上呈缓慢上升的趋势,吕梁山植被NPP_A的增长速率比太行山快。在空间分布上,太行山植被NPP_A总体变化趋势为自东南向西北逐渐减少,吕梁山植被NPP_A整体则呈“中部及南部高,其余地方低”的格局。太行山和吕梁山的植被NPP_A主要表现为增加趋势,但吕梁山地区的增加面积大于太行山。太行山的植被NPP_A稳定性相对高于吕梁山。在未来,研究区植被改善区域将表现为从改善到退化的趋势,退化区域则为持续退化的趋势。(2)在太行山地区,降水是影响植被NPP_A变化主要的因素。降水与植被NPP_A呈显著正相关,而温度与植被NPP_A的相关性不显著。在吕梁山地区,降水和气温共同影响植被NPP_A。气温和降水均与植被NPP_A呈正相关,但降水的影响更大。植被NPP_A对高程、坡度、坡向等地形因子的响应明显。(3)太行山地区,气候因素是植被NPP变化最重要的驱动力。相反,在吕梁山地区,人类活动是植被NPP变化最重要的驱动力。农田和林地的面积增加会导致NPP_A总量增加,但是林地转为其他类型和草地转为其他类型会导致NPP_A总量减少。2000—2019年间,太行山、吕梁山生态保护措施直接促进了修复区域NPP_A的增长,且植树造林是最为有效地促进植被NPP增长的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taihang and Lvliang Mountains are important mountain ranges in northern China.The vegetation distribution and ecosystem structure are affected by climatic conditions,landforms and human activities.For example,the development of agriculture and forestry,as well as the process of urbanization,etc.,may lead to changes in land use and vegetation cover.Vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)is an important part of the carbon cycle.It can not only indicate changes in vegetation coverage,but also reflect the health of the ecosystem.Studying the impact of temperature and human activities on vegetation NPP is helpful for in-depth understanding of local ecology.The evolution process of the system,predict the response and adaptive capacity of the ecosystem,and formulate more scientific ecological protection and ecological restoration strategies.This study uses vegetation NPP as a quantitative indicator.First,based on MODIS data,meteorological data,and DEM data,the actual net primary productivity(NPP_A)of vegetation in the Taihang Mountains and Lvliang Mountains from 2000 to 2019 was calculated with the help of the CASA model;using the coefficient of variation,trend analysis,Hurst index and other methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of vegetation NPP_Ain this region.Secondly,the spatial-temporal response of vegetation NPP_A to meteorological factors is discussed through correlation analysis;the response of different soil types and topographic factors to vegetation NPP_A is studied by statistical analysis.Finally,quantitatively evaluate the impact of human activities on vegetation NPP by using the relative impact contribution index(RICI)of human activities,and analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of RICI at the same time;select three aspects of land use change,population density,and ecological protection and restoration projects to analyze in detail The response of vegetation NPPA to human activities.The following research conclusions were obtained:(1)The vegetation NPP_A of Taihang Mountain and Lvliang Mountain showed a slow rising trend as a whole,and the growth rate of vegetation NPP_A of Lvliang Mountain was faster than that of Taihang Mountain.In terms of spatial distribution,the overall change trend of vegetation NPP_A in Taihang Mountains is gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest,while the overall vegetation NPP_A in Lvliang Mountains shows a pattern of"high in the central and southern parts,and low in other places".The NPP_A of vegetation in Taihang Mountains and Lvliang Mountains mainly showed an increasing trend,but the increase area in Lvliang Mountains was larger than that in Taihang Mountains.The NPP_A stability of vegetation in Taihang Mountains is relatively higher than that in Lvliang Mountains.In the future,the vegetation improvement area in the study area will show a trend from improvement to degradation,and the degraded area will continue to degrade.(2)In the Taihang Mountains area,precipitation is the main factor affecting the change of vegetation NPP_A.Precipitation was significantly positively correlated with vegetation NPP_A,while the correlation between temperature and vegetation NPP_A was not significant.In the Lvliang Mountain area,precipitation and temperature jointly affect the vegetation NPP_A.Both air temperature and precipitation were positively correlated with vegetation NPP_A,but the influence of precipitation was greater.The response of vegetation NPP_A to terrain factors such as elevation,slope,and aspect is obvious.(3)In the Taihang Mountains area,climatic factors are the most important driving force for vegetation NPP changes.On the contrary,in the Lvliang Mountain area,human activities were the most important driving force of vegetation NPP changes.The increase in the area of cropland and forest land will lead to an increase in the total NPP_A,but the conversion of forest land to other types and the conversion of grassland to other types will lead to a decrease in the total NPPA.From 2000 to 2019,the ecological protection measures of Taihang Mountain and Lvliang Mountain directly promoted the growth of NPP_A in the restoration area,and afforestation is the most effective way to promote the growth of vegetation NPP.更多还原