锌焙砂干式磨矿细度优化研究与实践

【作者】 张明；

【导师】 高利坤； 冉银华；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿业工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 锌被广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、化工产品行业,目前国内外锌冶炼技术主要有火法冶炼和湿法冶炼两种,应用较多的是湿法炼锌技术,占全球总量的80%以上,锌焙砂的磨矿细度直接影响湿法炼锌过程,而锌焙砂的干式磨矿研究较少。论文针对湖南某湿法炼锌厂Ф3.2×3.6 m干式格子型球磨机磨矿,在给矿量不小于35 t/h的条件下,磨矿细度-0.18 mm占比在83.22%～93.30%之间,-0.074mm占比在37.97%～45.64%区间,远达不到-0.18 mm占比100%、-0.074 mm占比大于80%的设计要求,为此,本论文进行了锌焙砂干式磨矿细度优化试验研究。锌焙砂原矿相关性质的测定表明,锌焙砂本身性脆易碎。针对现场磨矿产品在实验室小型球磨机D×L 240×300 mm上开展了磨矿过程影响因素的小型试验,目的是为了获得锌焙砂的磨矿特性和各种球磨条件参数水平的变化对锌焙砂磨矿产品细度的影响规律。研究表明锌焙砂在磨矿过程中不宜采用尺寸较大的钢球直径。在钢球配比Φ60:Φ40:Φ30=20%:40%:40%,给矿量1.5kg,磨矿时间7 min,球磨机的转速为96 r/min,充填率为30%的条件下,获得磨矿产品中-0.18 mm占比99.83%,-0.074 mm占比为84.13%。在小型试验的基础上,初步拟定现场生产初装球方案Ф60:Ф40:Ф30=20%:40%:40%。并在型号为D×L 450×450 mm的中试球磨机开展扩大试验,研究钢球球径、钢球配比、充填率等磨矿参数对锌焙砂磨矿的影响。在给矿量12 kg,磨矿时间15 min,球磨机的转速为63 r/min,充填率30%,推荐初装球方案Ф60:Ф40:Ф30=20%:40%:40%的条件下,磨矿产品中-0.18 mm粒级占比99.20%,-0.074 mm粒级占比为77.72%。结合生产现场Ф3.2×3.6 m干式格子型球磨机的实际,在试验研究的基础上提出初装球为Ф60:Ф40:Ф30=20%:40%:40%,补加球为Ф60:Ф40=60%:40%,钢球单耗0.042 kg/t的工业试验方案。通过调整磨机充填率以及装球比例,实现了设计处理能力不小于35 t/h的前提下,锌焙砂干式磨矿产品细度-0.18 mm占比99.08%～99.56%,-0.074 mm占比80.86%～83.24%。较现场磨矿细度-0.18 mm占比提高5.78至16.34个百分点,-0.074 mm占比提高35.22至45.45个百分点,论文的研究,不但解决了该锌焙烧磨矿细度难以提高,达不到设计要求的实际问题,对干式磨矿的装补球研究和实践具有重要的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zinc is widely used in aerospace,transportation and chemical products industries.At present,zinc smelting technologies at home and abroad mainly include pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurg y.The hydrometallurgy technology is more widel y used,accounting for more than 80%of the global total.The grinding fineness of zinc calcine directly affects the wet zinc smelting process,while the research on dry grinding of zinc calcine is less.The p aper focuses on a zinc hydrometallurgy plant in Hunan provinceФ3.2×3.6 m dry grid type ball mill grinds ore,with a feed rate of not less than 35 t/h,and the grinding fineness of-0.18 mm ranges from 83.22%to93.30%,while the grinding fineness of-0.074 mm ranges from 37.97%to 45.64%.This far falls short of the design requirements of-0.18 mm accounting for 100%and-0.074 mm≥80%.Therefore,this paper conducted an experimental study on optimizing the fineness of zinc calcine dry grinding.The determination of the related properties of zinc roasted feedstock showed that the Zinc Roasting itself was brittle and brittle.Targeting on-site ground mineral products in a laboratory mini ball mill D×L 240×300 mm conducted a small-scale experiment on the influencing factors of grinding process,with the aim of obtaining the effect of grinding characteristics of Zinc Roasting and changes in the parameter levels of various ball milling conditions on the fine ness of zinc baked mill products according to the law.This study shows that zinc roasting is not feasible to adopt a large steel ball diameter in the milling process.In steel ball ratioΦ40:Φ30:Φ20=20%:40%:40%,the optimum conditions of giving 500 g,grinding time 5 min,rotation rate of ball mill of 96 r/min and filling ratio of 25%were obtain ed,and the-0.18 mm occupied 99.74%and-0.074 mm occupied 80.68%of the mill products,respectively.On the basis of the small tests,and combined with theoretical calculations based on the existing formula for sphere size,a scheme for the initial package of industrial production in the field is tentatively proposedФ60:Ф40:Ф30=20%:40%:40%。And were characterized on a laboratory ball mill model D×L 450×450 mm was carried out on a pilot ball mill to carry out expansion tests to study the effects of mill parameters,such as steel ball diameter,steel ball ratio and filling rate,on Zn roasted minerals.After giving 12 kg of mineral weight,grinding time of 15 min,rotation rate of ball mill of 63 r/min,the primary packing ball protocol was recommendedФ60:Ф40:Ф30=20%:40%:40%under optimal conditions,and the percentage of-0.18mm grain grade to account for 99.20%and-0.074 mm grain grade to account for77.72%in the ground mineral products.Combining with the p ractice of the production site 3.2×3.6 m dry lattice ball mill,on the basis of test research,the paper proposes a diameter ofФ60:Ф40:Ф30=20%:40%:40%and a suppl ementary ball ofФ60:Ф40=60%:40%,the industrial test scheme of steel ball single consumption of 0.042 kg/t,through adjusting the mill filling rate and the packing ball ratio,achieves the premise that the design processing capacity is not less than 35 t/h,and the zinc baked dry mill product has a fine-0.18mm 99.08%～99.56%,-0.074 mm accounts for 80.86%～83.24%.Compared with the enhancement of 5.78%～16.34%ratio of-0.18 mm account rate and-0.074 mm account rate increase of 35.22%～45.45%ratio in the on-site grinding grain,the research of the paper,not only solves the practical problems that the grain size of this Zn roasting mill is difficult to improve and cannot reach the design requirements,it has an important reference value for the filling ball research and practice of dry mill.更多还原