动力蓄电池管理系统设计及主动均衡技术研究

【作者】 张彬；

【导师】 刘红锐； 邢超；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 在“双碳”目标背景下,新能源汽车及动力电池产业发展迅速,成为构建清洁低碳社会不可或缺的一环。近年来,世界上各个国家都在提倡和大力发展低能耗、低污染以及低碳化的能源。锂离子电池以其体积小、自放电率低、充电速度快、循环寿命长等优点,在新能源汽车与储能行业得到了广泛的应用。电池管理系统(Battery Management System,简称BMS)作为电动汽车重要的组成部分之一,能够对电池组进行实时监测,包括电池组的电压、电流、温度等状态信息,并通过算法对电池组进行状态评估、能量均衡和热管理等功能,从而提高电池的使用性能、延长使用寿命、降低动力成本。论文主要是基于STM32F407设计一种针对锂离子电池的动力蓄电池管理系统,能够对12节磷酸铁锂电池进行电压、电流和温度的参数监测,同时基于Buck-Boost和Cuk电路设计了一种分层多目标并行主动均衡器。动力蓄电池管理系统的设计主要包括硬件电路和软件程序两个方面:硬件电路是围绕STM32F407VET6主控芯片进行相关的电池管理系统功能设计,电压采集电路使用的是LTC6811,电流检测电路使用的是电能计芯片CS5463,温度检测电路使用的是NTC热敏电阻,另外还有电源电路和通信电路等,软件程序的设计按照模块化编程,针对每个不同的硬件电路,编写与之对应的软件程序,主要包括了参数采集流程、SOC估算程序和通信模块程序。并基于实验室的现有条件,搭建了实物测试平台,对论文设计的动力蓄电池管理系统的电压、电流和温度的进行了数据采集测试。最后,本文提出了一种多目标并行均衡器,该均衡器采用两层主动均衡:第一层均衡可实现电池系统中所有单体电池同时进行能量均衡,均衡速度快且不受串联单体电池数目的影响;第二层均衡可实现来自不同电池组的多个电池单元的并行均衡充、放电,均衡速度快、效率高。并搭建了由12个单体锂离子电池串联组成的电池系统实验平台进行均衡实验。理论和实验结果均表明,该均衡拓扑的均衡速度快、均衡效率高、模块化强、易扩展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the "double carbon" target,the new energy vehicle and power battery industries are developing rapidly and have become an integral part of building a clean and low-carbon society.In recent years,various countries around the world have been promoting and vigorously developing low energy consumption,low pollution and low carbon energy sources.Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in the new energy and energy storage industry due to their small size,low self-discharge rate,fast charging speed and long cycle life.Battery Management System(BMS),as one of the important components of electric vehicles,can monitor the battery pack in real time,including the voltage,current,temperature and other status information of the battery pack,and evaluate the battery pack status,energy balance and thermal management through algorithms,so as to improve the performance of the battery,extend its This improves the performance of the battery,extends its service life and reduces the cost of power.The main purpose of the paper is to design a power battery management system for Li-ion batteries based on STM32F407,which can monitor the voltage,current and temperature of 12 LiFePO4 batteries,and design a hierarchical multi-target parallel active equalizer based on Buck-Boost and Cuk circuits.The design of the power battery management system mainly includes hardware circuit and software program:the hardware circuit is based on the STM32F407VET6 main control chip to design the relevant battery management system functions,the voltage acquisition circuit uses the LTC6811,the current detection circuit uses the power meter chip CS5463,the temperature detection circuit uses the NTC thermistor,in addition The software program was designed according to modular programming,and the corresponding software program was written for each hardware circuit,mainly including the parameter acquisition process,SOC estimation program and communication module program.Based on the existing conditions in the laboratory,a physical test platform is built to collect and test the voltage,current and temperature of the power battery management system designed in the paper.Finally,this paper proposes a multi-objective parallel equalizer,which adopts two layers of active equalization:the first layer of equalization can realize energy equalization of all single cells in the battery system at the same time,which is fast and independent of the number of single cells in series;the second layer of equalization can realize parallel equalization of charging and discharging of multiple battery cells from different battery packs,which is fast and efficient.The experimental platform of a battery system consisting of 12 single lithium-ion batteries connected in series is also built for equalization experiments.Both theoretical and experimental results show that the equalization topology has fast equalization high equalization efficiency,strong modularity and easy expansion.更多还原