【作者】 李志强；

【导师】 何炜琨；

【作者基本信息】 中国民航大学 ， 信息与通信工程， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)是众多导航卫星系统及其增强系统的总称,可以提供实时的精确定位、导航和授时(Positioning、Navigation and Timing,PNT)服务。GNSS由于应用极其广泛导致其具有脆弱性,导航卫星位于地面上方两万多公里,其信号非常微弱,容易受到各种恶意和无意的干扰,导致民航航空器经常发生航空器紧急复飞、中止进近、备降、空管关键设备降级使用等事件,不仅带来严重的航空安全隐患,也干扰了航空运输的正常进行,导致航班延误和运行效率下降。因此,对GNSS干扰监测方法的研究在保障民航飞行安全方面具有重大意义。(1)本文通过从两种方式获取到的原始ADS-B数据中提取ADS-B质量指标等信息,在经过数据预处理后,对比分析了GNSS干扰对航班航迹及ADS-B质量指标的影响,干扰发生时,航班航迹会出现偏离、断裂等异常情况,同时ADS-B质量指标发生数值上的波动情况;(2)建立了发生干扰时ADS-B质量指标波动的数学模型,并在此基础上提出了基于ADS-B质量指标的GNSS多级干扰监测方法,即先利用统计分析方法筛选出可能受到GNSS干扰的航班,然后根据受GNSS干扰影响的航班在空间上具有聚集性,利用聚类方法得到受GNSS干扰的航班,并提取对应干扰位置以及干扰开始和终止时间,实现GNSS干扰的监测。实验结果与QAR监测结果进行对比,验证所提方法的有效性;(3)针对利用单个ADS-B质量指标进行GNSS干扰监测可能出现的漏检、误检现象,根据不同的ADS-B质量指标包含的波动信息可能存在的差别,利用熵权法对多指标进行加权融合,基于融合后的数据实现干扰监测。实测数据验证了方法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)is a general term for various navigation satellite systems and their enhancement systems,which can provide accurate positioning,navigation and timing(PNT)services.GNSS is vulnerable due to its wide application.Navigation satellites are located more than 20,000 kilometers above the ground,therefore the signals are very weak.They are vulnerable to all kinds of malicious and unintentional interference.The normal conduct of air transport can also be interfered,resulting in flight delays and reduced operational efficiency.Therefore,the research on GNSS interference monitoring method is of great significance to ensure the safety of civil aviation flight.Firstly,ADS-B quality indicators and other information are analyzed and extracted from the original ADS-B data.By data preprocessing,it is found that the abnormal conditions such as deviation and break of flight tracks,fluctuation of ADS-B quality indicators under the GNSS interference have happened.Secondly,a mathematical model based on ADS-B quality index is established,GNSS multi-level interference monitoring method based on ADS-B navigation integrity index is proposed.The statistical analysis method is used to select the flights that may be interfered by GNSS,then according to the spatial clustering of flights affected by GNSS interference,clustering method is used to determine the flight affected by GNSS radio frequency interference,then the corresponding interference location,start time and terminational time are extracted.By comparing with the results obtained by QAR monitoring,accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm can be verified.Finally,considering the problem caused by using a single ADS-B quality index to monitor GNSS interference,a weighted fusion method of multiple indicators based on entropy weight method is proposed,and the fusion data is used to monitor interference.The effectiveness of the method is verified by actual data.更多还原