【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 夏迪亚·伊布拉音；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 汉语国际教育（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”,严格意义上来讲,一部分逆序前后互为同素逆序词、一部分逆序后成为方位短语,还有一部分逆序后成为述补结构的短语。由于其自身形式具有相似性,内部结构关系复杂,使中亚留学生在学习和使用这一类词的过程中常常出现误用或混用的情况。而“上”“下”两词本身存在复杂性,既有名词性又有动词性。作名词时,有方位词的特征;作动词时,有趋向动词的特征;在与其他语素或词构成新词时,又有新的变化。因此本文选取同素逆序词中含有“上/下”的这一类结构,并以中亚留学生为研究对象进行研究。首先,本文分析了“上/下X—X上/下”结构的成词情况和常用性,并从对外汉语教材中对出现的同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”一一进行摘录,又对其在各个教材中出现的频率做了统计,以便后期数据分析。然后,对同素逆序“上/下X—X上/下”的结构类型进行分析,发现同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”可分为三大类,分别为:“X上/下”—方位结构、“X上/下”—述补结构、同素逆序词“上/下X—X上/下”。随后对“上/下”、X逆序前后的语义特点及其逆序前后两者之间结构内部关系变化进行了探究,并且对其逆序前后的句法特征进行了分析。其次,对中亚留学生同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”的习得情况进行了调查,分析同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”的偏误情况,发现中亚留学生在“上/下X—X上/下”同素逆序结构的意义辨析和语法功能方面存在困难,其偏误率由高到低依次是:同素逆序“X上/下”—述补结构、同素逆序词“上/下X—X上/下”、同素逆序“X上/下”—方位结构。随后对偏误原因进行了深究,发现偏误原因主要是同素逆序结构自身的特殊性、目的语知识的泛化、回避简化的交际策略。最后,为了改善中亚留学生对同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”的学习现状,笔者从教师的教和学生的学两方面提出建议。本文能够为汉语教师教授同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”提供一定的帮助,同时有助于加强中亚留学生对同素逆序结构“上/下X—X上/下”的掌握,也对同素逆序词的教学具有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The inverse morpheme structure "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下",technically speaking,after reversing order,can be transformed into three different forms: some become a pair of inverse morphemes words,some become positional phrases after reversing and some become predicate-complement phrases after reversing.Due to the similarities of the forms of the words,and the complex structural relations within the words,the Central Asian students often encounter problems like misusing or mixing up these groups of words in the process of learning and applying them due to the similarity of its own form and the complex internal structure,the words “上” and “下” are complex themselves,which have both nominal nature and predicate nature.For instance,as a noun,it can be treated as a locational word;When used as a verb,it can be treated as a directional verb;Otherwise,when it comes to forming new words with other morphemes or words,there are new transformations.As a result,this paper carries out the experiment by selecting the structure of " 上 / 下" in the morpheme reverse order words and taking the Central Asian students as the research object.To start with,the word formation and common use of the structure of "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下" are investigated,and the morpheme reverse order structure "Up / Down X—X Up / Down" from foreign Chinese textbooks is extracted one by one.After that,this paper counts the frequencies of its occurrence in various textbooks for later data analysis.In addition to that,it is found that the inverse morpheme order structure "上 / 下X—X 上/ 下" can be compartmentalized into three categories by analyzing the structural types,including: "X 上/ 下"-locative construction,"X 上 / 下"-predicate complement structure,and "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下"-morpheme reverse order word.Afterward,this research studies the semantic characteristics of " 上 / 下" and "X" and the transformations in the internal correlation between the two of them before and after the reverse order,and analyzes the syntactic characteristics before and after reversing the order.In the following part,it aims to investigate the acquisition of the "上 / 下 X—X上 / 下 " inverse morpheme structure of the Central Asian students and its misuse examples,which indicates that the Central Asian students come up against difficulties in the differentiate and analysis and grammatical function during the trial period.Specifically,their error rates are listed as follow in the order from high to low: the inverse morpheme "X 上 / 下 "-the predicate complement structure,the inverse morpheme word "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下" and the inverse morpheme "X 上 / 下"-the orientation structure.Then,the results reflect that the main reasons for the errors are the particularity of the homonym reverse order structure,the generalization of the understanding of object-language,and sample avoidant behaviour of the communication strategies.In the end,several suggestions from the perspectives of teachers’ teaching and students’ learning are put forward to improve the academic performance of the Central Asian students,while they studying on the structure of "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下".Conclusively,this paper can not only provide significant insights for Chinese teachers to apply the "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下" structure to practical teaching modules,but also help Central Asian students take good command of the "上 / 下 X—X 上/ 下" structure,as a result of which offers meaningful reference in term of the inverse morphemes order words teaching.更多还原