【作者】 张楠；

【导师】 黄浩勇（How Yong NG）； 施雪卿；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会和经济的进步和发展,海产品加工、石油化工、印染等行业在其生产过程中会产生大量的高盐度废水,该类废水不仅含有大量的盐分,还包含了大量的难降解的有机污染物质,已经成为主要的工业污染源。好氧颗粒污泥结构紧凑、含生物量高,具有多样化的功能微生物菌群,在高盐条件下具有较强的耐受性,是处理高盐废水的高效技术之一。好氧颗粒污泥主要通过对耐盐菌的保护与富集来实现对高盐废水的高效处理,但传统活性污泥中含有的耐盐微生物量较低,若将其作为接种污泥培养好氧颗粒污泥会导致启动期较长且耐盐微生物相对丰度偏低。而潮间带湿地由于其高盐度的特性,含有大量耐盐微生物。本文以潮间带沉积物为接种污泥培养耐盐好氧颗粒污泥（IWS-AGS）,并与传统活性污泥-好氧颗粒污泥（AS-AGS）在颗粒形成过程、理化特性、高盐废水处理性能及微生物群落分析方面进行比较;同时对不同碳氮比条件下耐盐好氧颗粒污泥的各方面性能进行评估。研究结果如下:（1）以潮间带沉积物作为接种污泥在3%盐度下成功培养出耐盐好氧颗粒污泥。IWS-AGS具有的良好的沉降性能(污泥体积指数SVI₃₀值约为35.5 m L/g);与AS-AGS相比结构上的不同点为IWS-AGS具有明显的无机质内核,使颗粒结构更加稳固;高盐度的不断刺激会使微生物分泌出大量的胞外聚合物（EPS）,用来平衡细胞两侧渗透压差,维持细胞的完整性,对微生物起到保护作用。EPS由初始的68.8 mg/g MLVSS增长到203.1 mg/g MLVSS,其中主要成分为蛋白质（PN）,含量达到162.5 mg/g MLVSS;IWS-AGS中的优势菌属包括Aliiglaciecola、Halomonas、Pseudoalteromonas、Thauera等,多具有耐盐特性,强化了IWS-AGS的整体性能。（2）IWS-AGS与AS-AGS相比,通过扫描电子显微镜观测到IWS-AGS颗粒表面比AS-AGS更加光滑。IWS-AGS的颗粒粒径分布比较集中,粒径在400-800μm的颗粒占比为47.77%,平均粒径为604.9μm。而AS-AGS的颗粒粒径分布较为分散,小于400μm的颗粒占比超过52.5%,平均粒径大小为455.4μm;对高盐废水的处理性能进行比较分析可得,IWS-AGS与AS-AGS对有机物和氨氮均具有较高的去除性能（TOC的去除率均超过95%,氨氮的去除率接近100%）,但IWS-AGS对总氮的去除能力（去除率为82.5±2.5%）高于AS-AGS（去除率为75.5±2.3%）;高通量的测序结果显示变形菌门和拟杆菌门为IWS-AGS和AS-AGS中的共同优势菌门,但IWS-AGS中含有更多的耐盐功能菌属,如Halomonas、Brumimcrobiun、Epibacterium等,占比分别高达16.6%、15.8%、9.6%。（3）为探究不同碳氮比条件下对IWS-AGS处理高盐废水系统的影响,将IWS-AGS在碳氮比为10:1和5:1条件下进行培养,两反应器分别称为R₁₀和R₅。较低C/N比废水会抑制微生物的增殖,减少微生物量,稳定期R₅生物量浓度（4000 mg/L）低于R₁₀（7000 mg/L）,且R₅的颗粒平均粒径（0.45μm）也小于R₁₀（0.7μm）的颗粒平均粒径;R₁₀对氨氮去除率接近100%,R₅对氨氮去除率为80%左右,且R₁₀与R₅均产生了亚硝氮的积累,总氮去除率为50%-60%,表明了亚硝酸盐氧化菌活性受到了抑制;高通量测序表明R₁₀与R₅在微生物结构组成方面,R₁₀的优势菌属为Halomonas、Brumimicrobium、Nitrincola和Flavobacteriaceae,占比分别为43.55%、12.82%、12.55%和6.86%;R₅的优势菌属为Halomonas、Brumimicrobium、Pseudorhodobacter、Ruegeria和Aequorivita,占比分别为64.58%、8.65%、4.42%、3.04%和2.79%,R₁₀中含有更多与硝化作用有关的菌属,如Nitrincola,因此表现出更强的硝化性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of society and economy,seafood processing,petrochemical,printing and dyeing industries produce a large number of high-salt wastewater in the production process.This kind of wastewater not only contains a large amount of salt,but also contains a lot of organic pollutants that are difficult to degrade,it become the main industrial pollution source.Aerobic granular sludge has a compact structure、high biomass、diversified functional microbial population and strong tolerance under high salt conditions.It has been proved to be the effective technologies for treatment of hypersaline organic wastewater.Aerobic granular sludge mainly realizes the efficient treatment of high-salt organic wastewater through the protection and enrichment of salt-tolerant bacteria.However,conventional activated sludge contains a lower number of salt-tolerant microorganisms.If it is used as inoculation sludge to cultivate aerobic granular sludge,which will lead to a long start-up period and a relatively low abundance of salt-tolerant microorganisms.Because of its high salinity,intertidal wetlands contain a large number of salt-tolerant microorganisms.Cultivation of salt-tolerant aerobic granular sludge（IWS-AGS）with intertidal sediments as inoculated sludge,compared with the traditional activated sludge-aerobic granular sludge（AS-AGS）in particle formation process,physical and chemical properties,high-salt wastewater treatment performance comparison and analysis of the microbial community;At the same time,all aspects of performance of salt-tolerant aerobic granular sludge under different C/N ratios were evaluated.The research results are as follows:（1）Salt-tolerant aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultured from intertidal sediments at 3%salinity.IWS-AGS has good settling performance（Sludge Volume Index value is about 35.5 m L/g）.Different from AS-AGS in structure,IWS-AGS has obvious inorganic core,which makes the particle structure more stable.Stimulated by salinity,microorganisms secreted more Extracellular Polymeric Substances（EPS）,which is used to balance the osmotic pressure difference between the two sides of the cell,maintain the integrity of the cell,and play a protective role for microorganisms,EPS increased from 68.8 mg/g MLVSS to 203.1 mg/g MLVSS,of which the main component was protein（PN）,and the content reached 162.5 mg/g MLVSS.The dominant bacterial genera in IWS-AGS include Aliiglaciecola,Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas,Thauera,etc,most of them have salt tolerance,which strengthens the overall performance of IWS-AGS.（2）Compared with AS-AGS,the surface of IWS-AGS particles is smoother than that of AS-AGS observed by scanning electron microscopy.The particle size distribution of IWS-AGS is relatively concentrated.The particle size of 400-800μm accounts for 47.77%,and the average particle size is 604.9μm.While The particle size distribution of AS-AGS is relatively dispersed,the proportion of particles smaller than400μm exceeds 52.5%,and the average particle size is 455.4μm.By comparing and analyzing the treatment performance of high-salt wastewater,it can be seen that IWS-AGS and AS-AGS have good removal ability of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen（TOC removal rate is above 95%,ammonia nitrogen removal rate is close to 100%）,but the removal capacity of IWS-AGS for total nitrogen（removal rate is 82.5±2.5%）is higher than that of AS-AGS（75.5±2.3%）.High-throughput sequencing results showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the common dominant phylum in IWS-AGS and AS-AGS,but IWS-AGS contained more salt-tolerant functional genera,such as Halomonas,Bruimcrobiun,Epibacterium,etc.The proportions were 16.6%,15.8%and9.6%respectively.（3）In order to explore the effect of different C/N ratio on the IWS-AGS treatment of high-salt wastewater systems,IWS-AGS was cultured under the conditions of carbon-nitrogen ratios of 10:1 and 5:1,and the two reactors were named R₁₀ and R₅,respectively.The lower C/N ratio of wastewater will inhibit the proliferation of microorganisms and reduce the microbial biomass.The biomass concentration of R₅（4000 mg/L）in the stable period is lower than that of R₁₀（7000 mg/L）,and the average particle size of R₅ particles（0.45μm）is smaller than R₁₀（0.7μm）;The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen by R₁₀ is close to 100%,the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen by R₅is about 80%,and both R₁₀ and R₅ have accumulated nitrous nitrogen,and the removal rate of total nitrogen is 50%-60%,indicating the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria Inhibited;High-throughput sequencing showed that R₁₀and R₅ in terms of microbial structure composition,the dominant genera of R₁₀ were Halomonas,Brumimicrobium,Nitrincola and Flavobacteriaceae,accounting for 43.55%,12.82%,12.55%and 6.86%,respectively;The dominant genera of R₅ are Halomonas,Brumimicrobium,Pseudorhodobacter,Ruegeria and Aequorivita,accounting for 64.58%,8.65%,4.42%,3.04%and 2.79%,respectively.R₁₀ contains more nitrification-related genera,such as Nitrincola,thus showing stronger nitrification performance.更多还原