【作者】 胡佳；

【导师】 Gretchen Kalonji； 叶郁森；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 安全科学与减灾， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 新春新冠疫情于2020年爆发,在其影响下居民防疫隔离增加了宅在家的时长。随着互联网的快速发展与疫情的双重叠加,人们的思想意识与消费模式逐渐转变,为减少出门,线上消费与娱乐需求激增,从而促使如在线教育、线上购物、生鲜商品物流等新兴行业“宅经济”快速增长。同时人民生活水平也得益于中国市场经济的蓬勃发展,人们对食品的质量与安全更加关注,对生鲜制品的新鲜度及所含营养值等品质水准要求也在不断提升。在线下实体店销售量不断增加的同时,线上购物作为线下门店销售的又一重要形式,也引起了零售企业家们的极大兴趣。特别是在疫情背景下,零售商如何确保“线上+线下”配送模式正常运行,落实生鲜产品安全、保质且保量的到达消费者手中,不仅仅成为了消费者的个人需求,也成为了政府及社会大众的期盼。但无论是采用线上还是线下销售模式,生鲜产品作为具有易腐、价值高、保鲜期及货架期很短等特点的食品,对于运营终端的零售业而言,怎样最大限度的提高消费者信心并减轻产品滞销与产品价值损失等问题,从而在总体上改善供应链运营仍是目前所有零售业终端都亟待解决的问题。零售商作为供应链中连接消费者的最后一环,终端运营有效性很大程度上取决于零售商的库存管理水平,而有效、科学的库存优化策略是零售商库存控制管理能力提升的强有力途径。现有文献中对诸如生鲜产品类易腐产品的库存水平优化研究有许多,但是针对疫情背景下零售终端销售形式及特点以及考虑产品生鲜度影响销售量和消费者满意度的相关生鲜农产品库存模型研究仍然较少。考虑此,本文以疫情背景下零售商生鲜农产品库存优化问题为研究对象,从线上订购配送到线下库存控制,加入消费者效用限制条件,从库存优化角度去探讨相适应的经济订货批量(economic order quantity,EOQ)模型。具体来说,对于送货上门类型零售商而言,考虑到运输及配送过程中生鲜农产品的价值损耗,以基础EOQ模型去构建以成本最小化为目标的函数,在保证生鲜农产品新鲜度的条件下确定总成本最小化的送货批量。对于线下销售的零售商而言,借用Schrader(1963)研究中提及的经典库存管理模型,考虑生鲜农产品需求特性及变质特性等影响因子,在疫情背景营业时间缩短条件下,构建具有零售商终端特点且更加符合生鲜农产品库存优化策略的数学模型,最终抉择出使成本最小化的库存策略。在模型建立后,为验证所设立模型的科学性和有效性,本文将所涉及到的主要参数用于灵敏度分析。其次,为在疫情时响应国家政策稳物价并推动消费者满意度提升,构建与消费者效用有关的库存控制策略模型,将消费者效用值限定在一定条件范围内去研究最终的库存策略。最后,针对线上配送批量以及线下库存管理层面给出科学建议,如注重疫情下市场特征变化、制定价格调整计划、加强信息管理的系统建设等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The outbreak of the new crown epidemic in the Chinese New Year in 2020,under the influence of the epidemic prevention and isolation of residents,has increased the time spent at home.With the rapid development of the Internet and the double superposition of the epidemic,people’s ideology and consumption patterns are gradually changing.In order to reduce going out,the demand for online consumption and entertainment has surged,which has prompted emerging industries such as online education,online shopping,and fresh commodity logistics.The industry’s "home economy" is growing rapidly.At the same time,people’s living standards have also benefited from the vigorous development of China’s market economy.People pay more attention to the quality and safety of food,and the quality standards such as the freshness and nutritional value of fresh products are also constantly improving.While the sales volume of offline physical stores is increasing,online shopping,as another important form of offline store sales,has also attracted great interest from retail entrepreneurs.Especially in the context of the epidemic,how retailers can ensure the normal operation of the "online + offline" distribution model,and ensure that fresh products reach consumers with safety,quality and quantity,not only become consumers’ personal needs,but also It has become the expectation of the government and the public.However,no matter whether it is an online or offline sales model,fresh products are perishable,high-value,short-lived and shelf-life foods.For the retail industry that operates the terminal,how to maximize consumption? It is still an urgent problem for all retail terminals to improve the supply chain operations in general,so as to increase the confidence of consumers and reduce the problems of unsalable products and product price losses.Retailers are the last link in the supply chain connecting consumers.The effectiveness of terminal operations largely depends on the retailer’s inventory management level.Effective and scientific inventory optimization strategies are a powerful tool for retailers to improve their inventory control and management capabilities.way.There are many studies on the optimization of inventory levels of perishable products such as fresh products in the existing literature,but for the sales forms and characteristics of retail terminals under the background of the epidemic,as well as related fresh products considering the impact of product freshness on sales and consumer satisfaction.There are still few studies on agricultural product inventory models.Considering this,this paper takes the optimization problem of retailers’ fresh agricultural product inventory under the background of the epidemic as the research object,from online ordering and distribution to offline inventory control,adding consumer utility constraints,and discussing the appropriate economic order quantity from the perspective of inventory optimization.(Economic order quantity,EOQ)model.Specifically,for home-delivery retailers,considering the value loss of fresh agricultural products during transportation and distribution,the basic EOQ model is used to construct a function with the goal of minimizing cost,in order to ensure the freshness of fresh agricultural products.Determine the delivery volume that minimizes the total cost under the conditions.For offline retailers,borrowing the classic inventory management model mentioned in Schrader’s(1963)study,considering factors such as the demand characteristics and deterioration characteristics of fresh agricultural products,under the condition of shortened business hours in the context of the epidemic,a retail According to the characteristics of commercial terminals and more in line with the mathematical model of the optimization strategy of fresh agricultural products,the inventory strategy that minimizes the cost is finally selected.After the model is established,in order to verify the scientificity and validity of the established model,the main parameters involved are used in sensitivity analysis in this paper.Secondly,in order to respond to national policies to stabilize prices and promote consumer satisfaction during the epidemic,build an inventory control strategy model related to consumer utility,and limit consumer utility value within a certain range of conditions to study the final inventory strategy.Finally,scientific suggestions are given for online distribution batches and offline inventory management,such as focusing on changes in market characteristics under the epidemic,formulating price adjustment plans,and strengthening information management system construction.更多还原