【作者】 张强；

【导师】 李秀芳；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 保险硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十九大报告明确指出:“要加强社会保障体系建设,完善失业保险制度,实现更高质量和更充分就业。”新时期,失业保险不仅要保障失业者的基本生活,还要力图起到预防失业、促进再就业的作用。而自主创业是解决发展中国家再就业问题的重要渠道。和寻找雇佣工作相比,自主创业在解决失业人员自身再就业问题的同时可以创造新的岗位,从而在解决失业问题上产生乘数效应,起到更优的解决效果。探究失业保险与家庭创业之间的关系,进一步分析其异质性规律,对于研究如何更好地发挥失业保险促进再就业的功能,进而更好地解决失业问题具有一定的现实意义。本文首先对失业保险和家庭创业的相关概念及其现状进行了分析。之后基于动态搜寻理论和创业者资源禀赋理论,对失业保险作用于家庭创业的理论机理进行了探讨,并在此基础上提出了研究假说。接下来利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2017年和2019年追访家庭的微观经济数据,构建二值选择模型实证检验了失业保险对家庭创业的影响,并对其影响途径进行了进一步检验。之后,本文采用模型替代法和变量替代法从方法和变量的角度进行了稳健性检验,并进一步使用拓展回归模型(ERM)和倾向得分匹配方法(PSM)从内生性角度检验了结论的稳健性。在此基础上,本文从创业类型差异、城乡差异和风险态度差异三个角度进行了异质性分析。最后,在现有研究结论的基础上提出了建议。研究发现,失业保险一方面可以通过提高失业者保留工资从而提升失业者创业收益期待的途径降低其投身家庭创业的概率,另一方面也可以通过缓解失业者创业资金约束的渠道激励其投身家庭创业。但总的来说,现阶段失业保险对于家庭创业的正向影响要小于负向影响,因而总体上呈现出负向作用。研究同时发现,这一负向作用在不同的创业类型和人群中均存在异质性的规律。具体来说,失业保险对于家庭创业的负向作用在机会型创业、城镇居民和风险偏好的群体中表现得更加显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "It is necessary to strengthen the construction of the social security system,improve the unemployment insurance system,and achieve higher quality and fuller employment." In the new era,unemployment insurance should not only protect the basic life of the unemployed,but also strive to provide to prevent unemployment and promote reemployment.Self-employment is an important channel to solve the problem of reemployment in developing countries.Compared with looking for employment,self-employment can create new jobs while solving the reemployment problem of the unemployed,thus producing a multiplier effect in solving the unemployment problem and having a better solution effect.Looking for the relationship between unemployment insurance and household entrepreneurship,and further analyzing its heterogeneity law,is conducive to better play the function of unemployment insurance to promote reemployment,and then contribute to solving the unemployment problem.This paper firstly analyzes the related concepts and status quo of unemployment insurance and household entrepreneurship.Then,based on the dynamic search theory and the entrepreneur resource endowment theory,the theoretical mechanism of the effect of unemployment insurance on household entrepreneurship is discussed,and a research hypothesis is proposed on this basis.Next,using the microeconomic data of households followed up by the China Household Finance Survey in 2017 and 2019,a binary choice model was constructed to empirically test the impact of unemployment insurance on household entrepreneurship,and further test its impact.After that,this paper uses two methods to conduct preliminary robustness test,and further uses extended regression model to test the robustness of the conclusion from the perspective of endogeneity.On this basis,this paper conducts heterogeneity analysis from three perspectives: differences in entrepreneurial types,differences between urban and rural areas,and differences in risk attitudes.Finally,recommendations are made based on the existing research findings.The study found that unemployment insurance can,on the one hand,reduce the probability of the unemployed to join household entrepreneurship by increasing their retained wages,thereby increasing their expectation of entrepreneurial income,and on the other hand,it can also encourage the unemployed to join household entrepreneurship by easing the constraints of their entrepreneurial capital.But in general,the positive impact of unemployment insurance on household entrepreneurship is less than the negative impact at this stage,so it has a negative effect on the whole.And then,the search found that this negative effect has heterogeneity in different entrepreneurial types and populations.Specifically,the negative effect of unemployment insurance on household entrepreneurship is more pronounced in opportunistic entrepreneurship,urban residents and risk-averse groups.更多还原