【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 王宝玺；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 应用心理（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 双加工理论认为,记忆的再认提取涉及到熟悉性和回想两个不同的认知加工过程。先前的研究已经发现了价值对年轻人项目再认的促进作用主要是基于回想而非熟悉性过程。但这一机制是否同样适用于联结记忆以及回想受损而熟悉性保存的老年人群体则缺乏考察。同时,考虑到材料选取的不同可能对联结记忆老化有不同的影响。因此,本研究将年轻人和老年人作为研究对象,通过两个实验分别探究在有意义材料和无意义材料下价值对联结记忆提取过程的影响。实验一使用两阶段迫选再认任务范式,探究在有意义材料下价值对联结记忆提取过程的影响。结果发现:(1)年轻人在“记得”反应下对高价值材料的再认成绩要好于对低价值和无价值材料,而在“知道”反应下对不同价值材料的再认成绩则没有差异。(2)老年人在“记得”反应下对高价值材料的再认成绩要好于对低价值和无价值材料,而在“知道”反应下对高价值材料的再认成绩要差于对低价值和无价值材料。(3)在使用有意义材料情况下,老年人在对高价值材料的再认成绩依旧低于年轻人。实验二以ERP作为测量手段,使用联结再认任务范式,探究在无意义材料下价值对联结记忆提取过程的影响。结果发现:(1)老年人和年轻人对高价值材料的记忆成绩好于低价值材料。(2)在顶叶新旧效应上,无论老年人还是年轻人在高价值条件下都要显著大于低价值条件下。(3)在前额新旧效应上,无论老年人还是年轻人在高价值和低价值条件下都没有显著差异。(4)在使用无意义材料情况下,老年人在对高价值材料的再认成绩依旧低于年轻人。本研究结论为:(1)价值对和老年人和年轻人联结记忆表现均有促进作用,但并不能使老年人达到和年轻人相当的联结记忆水平。(2)价值对老年人和年轻人的联结记忆的促进作用主要是通过增强了回想过程来实现的,而非熟悉性过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dual-processing theory holds that the recognition and retrieval of memory involves two different cognitive processing processes,familiarity and recollection.Previous research have found that the promotion of values for item recognition in young people is primarily based on recollection rather than familiarity processes.However,whether this mechanism is equally applicable to the elderly population with impaired recollection and preservation of familiarity and associative recognition is lacking.At the same time,considering that the selection of materials may have different effects on associative memory aging.Therefore,this study took young people and the elderly as the research objects,and explored the effect of value on the process of connection recognition extraction under meaningful and non-meaningful materials through two experiments.In the Experiment 1,we used a two-stage forced-choice recognition task paradigm to explore the effect of value on the process of associative recognition retrieval under meaningful material.The results showed that:(1)Young people’s recognition scores for high-value materials under the "remember" response were better than those for low-value and non-value materials,but there was no difference in the recognition scores for different value materials under the "know" response.(2)Older people’s recognition scores for high-value materials under the "remember" response were better than those for low-value and non-value materials,while the recognition scores for high-value materials under the "know" response were worse than those for low-value materials and worthless materials.(3)In the case of using meaningful materials,the recognition scores of the elderly in high-value materials are still lower than that of young people.In Experiment 2,ERP was used as the measurement method,and the connection recognition task paradigm was used to explore the effect of value on the connection recognition extraction process in the presence of meaningless materials.The results showed that:(1)older and younger adults had better memory performance for highvalue materials than for low-value materials.(2)The old and new effects of parietal lobe were significantly greater under high-value conditions than under low-value conditions,regardless of whether the elderly or the young.(3)There was no significant difference between the old and the young in the high-value and low-value conditions in terms of the old and new effects of the forehead.(4)In the case of using meaningless materials,the old people’s recognition performance of high-value materials is still lower than that of young people.The conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Value promotes the performance of connection recognition with the elderly and young people,but cannot make the elderly reach the level of connection recognition with young people.(2)The role of value in promoting connection recognition between the elderly and the young is mainly achieved by enhancing the recollection process,rather than the familiarity process.更多还原