【作者】 李欢；

【导师】 郭婷婷；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 程度是指测定或评价事物的某种性质或状态时表现出来的不同状况。客观世界中的程度因素和各种表现方式集合到一起,构成了人类认知世界的程度范畴,当人们需要对其加以表述时,语言世界的程度范畴随之产生。现代汉语中,程度范畴的表达方式多种多样,普通话范围内已经有了不少研究成果,汉语方言则存在较大的研究空间。本文以四川南充方言的程度范畴表达为研究对象,对其词法手段、句法手段和其他手段等进行考察,从结构、语义、语法、语用等方面展开描写和分析。考虑到南充地区方言情况复杂,不仅有官话区,还有湘方言、客家方言等方言岛,因此还对南充境内不同方言点程度范畴表达的使用现状进行调查,探究其异同及影响因素。全文主要包括以下几个部分:第一章,绪论。从研究背景、意义、现状和方法阐述了研究南充方言的程度范畴表达的重要性、可行性和研究思路。并对语料来源、语料标注、南充概况和南充方言音系等进行了补充说明。第二章,南充方言程度范畴表达的词法手段。主要分为重叠式和附加式。重叠式包括完全重叠“AA”式、“AABB”式、“Ab Ab”式等,和不完全重叠“Abb”式、“A不BB”式、“b A八A”式和“无A八A”式等;附加式包括前加式“b A”式状态形容词,和后加式“A/N+巴沙”式、“A/N+XYZ”式等;还梳理了部分可以表达程度的方言惯用语。第三章,南充方言程度范畴表达的句法手段。南充方言用状语表达程度,主要借助“之、都、怪死、黑、寡、尽、不煞、才、将”等程度副词,还有“嘞门、恁门、弄(么)”等指示代词和“老实、硬是、阴到”等部分语气副词;程度补语按是否需要标记词“得”分为了“V人、要命、要死、背时、心慌、莫得底底、莫奈何”等和“很了、登了、麻了、安逸(了)、流了、什起了、聂了”等两类;另外还有“只有+指示代词+A/V+了、A+呀+A+不得、多+A+一+量+是+量+的”等特殊格式。第四章,南充方言程度范畴表达的其他手段。南充方言还可以借助重音、拖音和添加感叹词等手段来表达程度,这些手段有力地凸显了语句中的焦点,起到了强调的作用,在加深句子程度义的同时,也加强了主观语气和感情色彩。第五章,南充方言程度范畴表达使用现状调查。借助前文梳理的各种手段,对南充境内四个方言点的程度范畴表达使用现状进行调查。结果表明,不同方言点在程度范畴表达手段的实际使用中具有共性,但也存在总体数量上不平衡等差异,这与地理位置、经济水平、文化教育等客观环境因素有关,也与方言认同感等主观心理因素有关。第六章,结语。总结本文的研究内容,归纳南充方言程度范畴表达的特点。反思论文中存在的不足之处,并提出需要进一步研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Degree refers to the different conditions of certain qualities or states of things when measured or evaluated.Degree and its various expression in the objective world constitute the degree category of the human cognitive world.When people need to express it,the degree category of the human language world is constituted.In modern Chinese,there are various means to express degree category.There have been many studies about the degree category of Putonghua,but there is still great research potential of Chinese dialects.This paper takes the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect in Sichuan province,as the research object,and investigates its lexical means,syntactic means and other means,and describes and analyzes them from the aspects of structure,semantics,grammar and pragmatics.Considering the complex situation of Nanchong dialect,there are not only mandarin areas,but also dialect islands such as Hunan dialect island and Hakka dialect island.Therefore,the current using situations of the expression of degree category of different dialect spots in Nanchong is also investigated to explore their similarities,differences and influencing factors.This paper mainly includes the following parts:Chapter one,Introduction.The importance,feasibility and research thoughts of studying the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect are expounded from the background,significance,current situation and method of the research.The source of the corpus,the annotation of the corpus,the general situation of Nanchong and the phonology of Nanchong dialect are supplemented.Chapter two,the lexical means of the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect.They are mainly divided into reduplicated forms and affixation forms.Reduplicated forms include complete reduplication,such as"AA","AABB"and"Ab Ab"type,and partial reduplication,such as"Abb","A bu(不)BB","b A ba(八)A"and"wu(无)A ba(八)A"type.Affixation forms include pre-affixation"b A"state adjectives,and post-affixation"A/N+basha(巴沙)"and"A/N+XYZ"type.There are also some idiomatic phrases that can express degree category in Nanchong dialect.Chapter three,the syntactic means of the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect.Nanchong dialect uses adverbials to express degree category,mainly with the help of adverbs of degree such as"zhi(之),dong(都),guaisi(怪死),hei(黑),gua(寡),jin(尽),busha(不煞),cai(才),jiang(将)",and demonstrative pronouns such as"leimen(嘞门),nenmen(恁门),long(me)[弄(么)]",and some modal adverbs such as"laoshi(老实),yingshi(硬是),yindao(阴到)".According to the marker word"de(得)",the complements of degree are divided into two types.One type includes"V ren(人),yaoming(要命),yaosi(要死),beishi(背时),xinhuang(心慌),modedidi(莫得底底),monaihe(莫奈何)",etc.The other type includes"henle(很了),dengle(登了),male(麻了),anyi(le)[安逸(了)],liule(流了),shiqile(什起了),niele(聂了)",etc.In addition,there are some special formats such as"zhiyou(只有)+demonstrative pronoun+A/V+le(了),A+ya(呀)+A+bude(不得),duo(多)+A+yi(一)+classifier+shi(是)+classifier+de(的)",etc.Chapter four,other means of the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect.Nanchong dialect can also express degree category by means of accent,prolonging,and adding interjections.These means highlight the focus of the sentence effectively and play a role of emphasis.While deepening the degree of the sentence,they also strengthen the subjectivity and sentimental color.Chapter five,the investigation of the current using situations of the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect.Relying on the mentioned means,this paper investigates the current using situations of the expression of degree category of four dialect spots in Nanchong.The results show that there are similarities in the actual using of the expression of degree category of the four dialect spots,but there are also differences such as the imbalance of overall quantities,which are related to objective environmental factors such as geographical location,economic level and cultural education,and subjective psychological factors such as dialect identification.Chapter six,conclusion.Summarize the research contents of this paper and summarize the characteristics of the expression of degree category of Nanchong dialect.Point out the shortcomings in the paper and put forward some problems for further research.更多还原