【作者】 张静；

【导师】 刘鹏； 殷复伟；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农艺与种业（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2021年夏玉米生长季在山东农业大学黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心(36°18’N,117°12’E)进行大田试验,在山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室进行室内试验。选用2021年黄淮海夏玉米区域推广种植的104个夏玉米品种为试验材料,分别在各夏玉米品种开花期(VT)、乳熟期(R3)测量根拔力、抗折力及其相关的根系、茎秆性状。通过相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等统计学方法,探究夏玉米根系构型、茎秆性状与抗倒伏性能之间的关系。以期筛选出较高抗倒伏性能的夏玉米品种,为育种工作者培育抗倒伏性能强的夏玉米品种并在风雨易发地区推广种植、减少玉米生产中倒伏造成的产量损失提供理论与技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:1.夏玉米根系构型与抗根倒性能的关系夏玉米品种的根拔力之间存在显著性差异,根拔力范围在862.29～1902.36 N,平均根拔力为1312.14 N,标准差为200.84,变异系数达到15.30%。玉米根拔力与根系干物质积累量、每层节根条数、节根总条数、节根着生角度、节根长度都呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.67、0.61、0.87、0.30、0.57。玉米根拔力与节根层数无显著相关性。同时根系性状之间也存在显著相关性,根系干物质积累量、每层节根条数、节根着生角度和节根长度之间均呈显著正相关。其中每层节根条数与节根总条数、根系干物质积累量与节根总条数、节根总条数与节根长度之间的相关系数较高,分别为0.72、0.59、0.51。2.夏玉米茎秆性状与抗茎倒性能的关系夏玉米品种开花期和乳熟期茎秆抗折力和茎秆性状之间存在显著性差异,开花期第3、5、7节茎秆抗折力平均值分别为368.31 N、257.90 N、189.52 N,标准差分别为84.70、69.01、52.24;乳熟期第3、5、7节茎秆抗折力平均值分别为366.62 N、259.32 N、206.31N,标准差分别为129.85、101.00、84.55。茎秆抗折力与株高、穗位高、植株伸长节间数、重心高度、单株干物质积累量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.41、0.92、0.27、0.74、0.25;茎秆抗折力与茎粗呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.89;茎秆抗折力与节间长无显著相关性。同时,茎秆性状之间也存在显著相关性,株高、穗位高、植株伸长节间数、重心高度、单株干物质积累量之间均呈显著正相关。茎秆抗折力与维管束数目呈显著负相关,与皮层厚度无显著相关性,与维管束平均面积、维管束最小面积、维管束最大面积、维管束平均直径、维管束最小直径、维管束最大直径呈显著正相关性。其中与维管束平均直径、维管束最小面积、维管束平均面积相关系数较大,分别为0.79、0.60、0.55。3.不同抗倒伏性能夏玉米品种分类玉米根拔力、茎秆抗折力与穗粒数、千粒重和产量均呈显著正相关。基于根系性状的综合因子聚类分析,抗根倒伏性能强的夏玉米品种有:联研155、迪卡517、齐民玉6号、金海13、来玉721、丰乐365、良星579、登海605、登海518、德单179等;抗根倒伏性能弱的夏玉米品种有:博信212、来玉317、登海533、中天303、九圣禾2468、NK815、强盛339、禾硕818、金海2010、强盛198等。基于茎秆性状的综合因子聚类分析,抗茎秆倒伏性强的夏玉米品种有:齐单805、天泰366、MC812、道吉1+1、中天303、鑫研218、C9256、立原296、京科999、丰乐235、鲁单1号等;抗茎秆倒伏性弱的夏玉米品种有:博信212、京农玉658、丰度191、C1210、鑫玉518、齐单109、强盛339、好日子738、金海1911、金海188等。基于不同夏玉米品种根系、茎秆性状综合因子聚类分析,抗倒伏性能强的夏玉米品种有:胶玉1号、德瑞88、农华221、MC121、德单123、登海710、邦玉519、莱农14、鑫瑞76、宇玉268等;抗倒伏性能弱的夏玉米品种有:博信212、鑫瑞57、中天303、豫禾269、济玉519、禾硕818、金海1908、道吉158、源丰008、鑫研218等。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was conducted in 2021 at Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center(36°18’N,117°12’E)of Shandong Agricultural University in the summer corn growing season,and the laboratory experiment was conducted at the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Agricultural University.104 summer maize varieties widely planted in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers region were used as experimental materials,the root pulling force,stalk breaking force and root related characters and stalk related characters were measured at flowering stage(VT)and milk stage(R3).Through correlation analysis principal component analysis and cluster analysis and other statistical methods were carried out to explore the relationship between root architecture,stalk characteristics and lodging resistance of summer maize.In order to screen out summer maize varieties with high lodging resistance and provide theoretical and technical support for breeders to cultivate maize varieties with high lodging resistance,so as to promote planting in weather-prone areas and reduce yield loss of lodging in maize production.The main research results are as following:1.Relationship between root architecture and root lodging resistance of summer maizeThe root pulling force of summer maize varieties was significantly different,ranging from862.29 to 1902.36 N,with an average root pulling force of 1312.14 N,standard deviation of200.84 and coefficient of variation of 15.30%.There was a significant positive correlation between root pulling force and biomass of root,number of root,total number of root,angle of root and length of root,and the correlation coefficients were 0.67,0.61,0.87,0.30 and 0.57.There was no significant correlation between root pulling force and floor number of root.There was also significant correlation between lodging resistance indexes in roots.There were significant positive correlations among biomass of root,number of root,angle of root and length of root.The correlation coefficients between total number of root and number of root,biomass of root and total number of root,total number of root and length of root were 0.72,0.59 and0.51.2.Relationship between stalk architecture and stalk lodging resistance of summer maizeThere were significant differences between the stalk lodging resistance and stalk traits of summer maize varieties at flowering and milking stages.At flowering stages,the average stalk breaking force at the 3rd,5th and 7th node was 368.31 N,257.90 N and 189.52 N,the standard deviation was 84.70,69.01 and 52.24.At milking stages,the mean stalk breaking force at the3rd,5th and 7th node were 366.62 N,259.32 N and 206.31 N,the standard deviation was 129.85,101.00 and 84.55.The stalk breaking force was significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,gravity height,stalk section number and biomass,and the correlation coefficients were 0.41,0.92,0.27,0.74 and 0.25.There was a significant positive correlation between stalk diameter and stalk breaking force,with correlation coefficient of 0.89.There was no significant correlation between stalk breaking force and internode length.There was also significant correlation between stalk traits.There were significant positive correlations among plant height,ear height,stalk section number,gravity height and biomass.Stalk diameter was negatively correlated with plant height and ear height,stalk section number,gravity height and biomass.There was a significant negative correlation between the stalk breaking force and the number of vascular bundles,but no significant correlation between the stalk breaking force and the thickness of the cortex,and a significant positive correlation between the stalk breaking force and the mean area of vascular bundles,min area of vascular bundles,max area of vascular bundles,mean diameter of vascular bundles,min diameter of vascular bundles,max diameter of vascular bundles.The correlation coefficients between stalk breaking force and the mean diameter of vascular bundles,min area of vascular bundles and mean area of vascular bundles were 0.79,0.60 and 0.55,respectively.3.Classification of summer maize varieties with different lodging resistanceThe root pulling force and stalk breaking force was significantly positively correlated with grains number per ear,1000-grain weight and yield.Based on the comprehensive factor clustering analysis of root traits,the summer maize varieties with strong root lodging resistance are:Lianyan 155,Dika 517,Qiminyu 6,Jinhai 13,Laiyu 721,Fengle 365,Liangxing 579,Denghai 605,Denghai 518,and Dedan 179,etc.The summer maize varieties with poor root resistance are:Boxin 212,Laiyu 317,Denghai 533,Zhongtian 303,Jiushenghe 2468,NK815,Qiangsheng 339,Heshuo 818,Jinhai 2010,Qiangsheng 198 and so on.Based on the comprehensive factor clustering analysis of stalk traits,the summer maize varieties with strong stalk lodging resistance are:Qidan 805,Tiantai 366,MC 812,Daoji 1+1,Zhongtian 303,Xinyan 218,C9256,Liyuan 296,Jinke 999,Fengle 235,Ludan 1 and so on;The summer maize varieties with poor stalk lodging resistance are:Boxin 212,Jingnongyu 658,Fengdu 191,C1210,Xinyu 518,Qidan 109,Qiangsheng 339,Haorizi 738,Jinhai 1911,and Jinhai 188,etc.Based on the comprehensive factor clustering analysis of root traits and stalk traits,the summer maize varieties with strong lodging resistance are:Jiaoyu 1,Derui 88,Nonghua 22,MC121,Dedan 123,Denghai 710,Bangyu 519,Lainong 14,Xinrui 76,and Yuyu 268,etc;The summer maize varieties with poor lodging resistance are:Boxin 212,Xinrui 57,Zhongtian 303,Yuhe 269,Jiyu 519,Heshuo 818,Jinhai 1908,Daoji 158,Yuanfeng 008,Xinyan 218 and so on.更多还原