【作者】 张文；

【导师】 吕秀兰； 刘伟；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以避雨栽培条件下四年生夏黑葡萄为材料,研究不同浓度外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid,ALA)喷施树体对夏黑葡萄成熟过程中果实品质(糖、酸、VC、可溶性固形物、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素)及酚和糖代谢的影响,为外源ALA在葡萄上的利用及推广,提供了一定理论依据和实践基础。研究结果如下:1.外源ALA对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响:3种浓度(50mg/L、100mg/L、150mg/L)外源ALA处理均可一定程度上提高夏黑葡萄可溶性糖及可溶性固形物含量,降低总酸含量,其中100mg/L外源ALA处理效果最好,成熟时相比对照,可溶性固形物提高10.4%,总酸含量下降16.1%;不同处理叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量整体逐渐降低,花青素含量整体增加,与对照处理相比,100mg/L外源ALA处理的叶绿素和花青素在葡萄转色期上升到0.211mg/g、2517noml/g,类萝卜素下降到0.01mg/g,结果表明100mg/L外源ALA的处理整体提高了果实品质,可以在生长中使用。2.外源ALA对夏黑葡萄酚类物质的影响:在葡萄转色期施用一定浓度的外源A LA,可以提高苯丙烷类代谢途径的果皮咖啡酸、阿魏酸含量,并在果实成熟时,外源ALA处理的酚酸含量皆大于对照处理;但外源ALA对莽草酸途径的没食子酸增效不明显,虽然也有所提高,但未表现出像阿魏酸等酚酸的显著变化;类黄酮代谢途径的表儿茶素,在葡萄转色期也表现出苯丙烷类代谢途径相似的变化趋势,100mg/L外源ALA处理下,相比对照处理,表儿茶素含量在成熟时提高了12.2%。总酚和总黄酮和总黄烷醇的含量都表现出类似于W的变化趋势,在果实成熟时外源ALA处理后的总酚、总黄酮和总黄烷醇的含量均高于对照处理,3种浓度外源ALA处理下总酚提高了9.5%、12.5%、11.1%,总黄酮提高了7%、15.8%、9.7%,总黄烷醇提高了33%、51%、46%,差异显著。3.外源ALA对夏黑葡萄糖酸组分的影响:三种浓度外源ALA处理下,夏黑葡萄果实成熟时,糖组分含量皆显著高于对照,其中100mg/L外源ALA处理为最高值,葡萄果糖达到71.7mg/g,葡萄糖达到87.74mg/g;夏黑葡萄果实苹果酸、酒石酸和草酸成熟过程中整体呈下降趋势,值得注意的是本研究中150mg/L外源ALA处理降酸效果最好,果实成熟时苹果酸、酒石酸和草酸含量分别为363.64ug/g、1508.19ug/g、1459.67ug/g,皆为最低值,这与总酸测定结果一致。4.外源ALA对夏黑葡萄蔗糖代谢的影响:外源ALA可以显著提高中性转化酶(NI)、酸性转化酶(AI)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)以及蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性。其中NI、AI的含量变化相似,都是在处理后第28d达到最高值然后下降,SPS以及SS活性的变化趋势虽然不同,但也都是表现出整体上升的趋势。与对照处理相比,三种外源ALA处理的NI活性在第28d分别提高了15.9%、24.6%、18.7%,AI活性提高了38.7%、76.5%、59.6%,SPS和SS活性在果实成熟时分别提高了18.4%、20.8%、19.9%,26.0%、34.4%、19.9%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,four-year-old summer black grapes under rain-protected cultivation conditions were used as materials to study the effects of spraying trees with different concentrations of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)on the fruit quality(sugar、acid、VC、soluble solids、chlorophyll、carotenoids、anthocyanins)determine the activity of phenolic substances and sugar metabolism-related enzymes,It provides a certain theoretical and practical basis for the utilization and promotion of exogenous ALA on grapes.The results of the study are as follows:1.The effect of exogenous ALA on the fruit quality of summer black grape:3 kinds of concentrations(50mg/L,100mg/L,150mg/L)exogenous ALA treatment can increase the soluble sugar and soluble solid content of summer black grape to a certain extent,and reduce Total acid content,of which 100mg/L exogenous ALA treatment has the best effect.Compared with the control,when mature,the soluble solid content increased by 10.4%,and the total acid content decreased by 16.1%.The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of different treatments decreased gradually,and the cyanine Compared with the control treatment,the chlorophyll and anthocyanin of 100mg/L exogenous ALA treatment increased to 0.211mg/g,2517noml/g,carotenoids decreased to 0.01mg/g during the grape color conversion period.The results showed that the treatment of 100mg/L exogenous ALA improved the fruit quality as a whole and could be used in growth.2.The effect of exogenous ALA on phenolic substances in summer black grapes:applying a certain concentration of exogenous ALA during the color conversion period of grapes can increase the caffeic acid and ferulic acid content in the peel of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway,and when the fruit is ripe,The phenolic acid content of the exogenous ALA treatment was greater than that of the control treatment;but the exogenous ALA did not significantly increase the effect of gallic acid in the shikimic acid pathway.Although it was also improved,it did not show significant changes in phenolic acids such as ferulic acid;The epicatechin of the flavonoid metabolism pathway also showed a similar change trend of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway during the grape color conversion period.Under the treatment of 100mg/L exogenous ALA,compared with the control treatment,the content of epicatechin was at maturity.An increase of 12.2%.The contents of total phenols,total flavonoids,and total flavanols all showed a trend similar to that of W.The contents of total phenols,total flavonoids and total flavanols after the exogenous ALA treatment were higher than the control treatment when the fruit was ripe.The total phenols increased by 9.5%,12.5%,11.1%,the total flavonoids increased by7%,15.8%,9.7%,the total flavanols increased by 33%,51%,46%,and the difference Significantly.3.The effect of exogenous ALA on the components of Xia Hei gluconic acid:under the treatment of three concentrations of exogenous ALA,the sugar content of Xia Hei grape fruit is significantly higher than that of the control when the Xia Hei grape fruit is mature,and the 100 mg/L exogenous ALA treatment is the highest value,Grape fructose reached 71.7mg/g,glucose reached 87.74mg/g;summer black grape fruit malic acid,tartaric acid and oxalic acid showed an overall downward trend during the ripening process.It is worth noting that the 150mg/L exogenous ALA treatment in this study reduced acid The effect was the best.The contents of malic acid,tartaric acid and oxalic acid were363.64ug/g,1508.19ug/g,and 1459.67ug/g respectively,which were the lowest values,which were consistent with the results of total acid determination.4.The effect of exogenous ALA on sucrose metabolism of summer black grape:exogenous ALA can significantly increase the activities of neutral invertase(NI),acid invertase(AI),sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)and sucrose synthase(SS).Among them,the changes in the contents of NI and AI are similar,and both reach the highest value on the 28th day and then decrease.Although the change trends of SPS and SS activities are different,they all show an overall upward trend.Compared with the control treatment,the NI activities of the three exogenous ALA treatments were increased by 15.9%,24.6%,and18.7%on the 28th day,the AI activities were increased by 38.7%,76.5%,59.6%,and the SPS and SS activities were increased at the ripening of the fruit.The time was increased by18.4%,20.8%,19.9%,26.0%,34.4%,19.9%,respectively.更多还原