史密斯模型视角下四川省巴中市农村低保制度执行存在问题及对策研究

【作者】 杨韬；

【导师】 吴耀宏；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放40年以来,我国发展速度可谓迅猛,经济和社会两大方面的发展取得了伟大历史性成就,实现了“全面建设小康社会”的百年目标,全国人民生活质量和生活水平得到了不断提升,也为实现“建成富强民主文明的社会主义现代化国家”的下一个“一百年”目标奠定基础。然而,我们也要清醒地认识到,城市和农村的发展趋势越来越不均衡、贫困和富裕之间的差距不断被拉大,矛盾越来越突出。党的十九大报告指出,我国的社会主要矛盾已经变为人民群众日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。然而,我国农村人口众多,农民的文化程度普遍较低,在保障农村贫困人口基本生活、让农村经济更好发展、维护农村社会的总体和谐稳定等方面,农村最低生活保障制度发挥着重大作用,意义重大。基于上述背景,本文在厘清农村最低生活保障制度的基础上,通过选取民政部门、低保对象作为样本进行访谈调查,并采用史密斯模型分析巴中市农村低保制度存在的问题及成因,探索研究相应对策举措,为下一步四川省巴中市完善农村低保制度执行过程形成可借鉴的初步思路。总体上看,本文组织构架可分为5部分:1.绪论部分,主要是明确本文的研究背景及研究意义,并在分别阐述国内和国外相关研究情况的基础上,明确本文的研究重点和研究方法,确定技术路线图,并总结本文的创新和不足之处;2.概念界定部分,主要是从内涵、定义方面简单阐述农村最低生活保障、农村社会救助及社会救助的概念,并明确本文开展农村最低生活保障制度研究所基于的4种理论;3.制度执行现状调查部分,以介绍巴中市的基本情况、巴中市农村低保制度的发展情况、巴中市农村低保制度的执行特点为切入点,并通过访谈调查,整理分析巴中市农村低保制度政策执行现状;4.问题探究及成因分析部分,基于走访调查结果,以史密斯政策分析模型视角分析巴中市农村低保制度执行中存在问题并总结成因;5.对策建议部分,基于史密斯政策执行模型分析出的问题,从“增强政策的科学合理性、壮大基层经办力量、加强政策受众管理、优化政策执行环境”4个方面研究相关对策。本文采用史密斯政策执行模型及其四因素理论,在充分陈述农村低保制度概况的基础上,以巴中市为例,整理分析其农村低保制度执行现状,解析农村低保制度执行中存在的收入核定机制不健全、缺乏激励引导作用、政策执行不严、基层工作力量薄弱、农村人口政策掌握不够、观念狭隘、内生动力不强、政策执行环境不够良好等问题,并对照问题和四因素理论,深入挖掘问题成因,并提出完善低保对象精准认定机制、推动管理机制改革、壮大基层经办力量等对策建议,推动农村低保制度持续健全完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,my country’s development has been swift and violent.Great historical achievements have been made in economic and social development,and the century-old goal of "building a well-off society in an all-round way" has been achieved.The quality of life and living standards of the people across the country have been continuously improved.It also lays the foundation for the realization of the next "100-year" goal of "building a prosperous,strong,democratic and civilized modern socialist country." However,we must also be soberly aware that the development trend between urban and rural areas is becoming more and more uneven,the gap between poverty and wealth is constantly being widened,and the contradiction is becoming more and more prominent.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of my country pointed out that the main social contradiction in our country has become a contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.However,my country’s rural population is large,and farmers’ education level is generally low.The rural minimum living guarantee system plays a major role in ensuring the basic livelihood of the rural poor,allowing the rural economy to develop better,and maintaining the overall stability of rural society,which is of great significance.Based on the above background,this article clarifies the rural minimum living security system,selects civil affairs departments and subsistence allowance targets as samples to conduct interviews and surveys,and uses the Smith model to analyze the problems and causes of the rural subsistence allowance system in Bazhong City,and explores and studies Corresponding countermeasures have formed preliminary ideas that can be used for reference in the next step of improving the implementation process of the rural subsistence allowance system in Bazhong City,Sichuan Province.On the whole,the organization structure of this article can be divided into 5parts: 1.The introduction part,mainly to clarify the research background and significance of this article,and to clarify the research focus and research methods of this article on the basis of an overview of relevant research at home and abroad.And highlight the innovations and shortcomings of this article;2.The concept definition part,mainly to briefly explain the concepts of rural minimum living security,rural social assistance and social assistance,and elaborate the four theories of this article on the research of rural minimum living security system;3.In the part of the survey of the current implementation of the system,the entry point is to introduce the basic situation of Bazhong City,the development of the rural subsistence allowance system in Bazhong City,and the implementation characteristics of the rural subsistence allowance system in Bazhong City.The implementation status of the rural subsistence allowance system policy in Bazhong City;4.The problem exploration and cause analysis part,based on the survey results,analyze the problems in the implementation of the rural subsistence allowance system in Bazhong City from the perspective of the Smith policy analysis model and summarize the causes;5.Countermeasures and suggestions,Based on the problems analyzed by Smith’s policy implementation model,research related countermeasures from the four aspects of "enhancing the scientific rationality of policies,strengthening the power of grassroots management,strengthening policy audience management,and optimizing the policy implementation environment".This article adopts Smith’s policy implementation model and its four-factor theory,and on the basis of fully presenting the general situation of the rural subsistence allowance system,taking Bazhong City as an example,analyzes the current status of its implementation of the rural subsistence allowance system,and analyzes the existence of the implementation of the rural subsistence allowance system.Incomplete income verification mechanism,lack of incentives and guidance,poor policy implementation,weak grassroots work force,insufficient control of rural population policies,narrow concepts,weak endogenous motivation,and insufficient policy implementation environment,etc.,and compare the problems with the four factors Theory,in-depth exploration of the causes of the problem,and proposed measures to improve the precise identification mechanism of the subsistence allowance,promote the reform of the management mechanism,and strengthen the grass-roots management force,so as to promote the continuous improvement of the rural subsistence allowance system.更多还原