【作者】 黄媛；

【导师】 赵英汝；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 材料工程， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑中80%的碳排放来自结构材料,选择可持续性的替代材料在建筑节能改造和低碳建设过程中扮演着举足轻重的角色。为预测采用不同低碳建筑材料的改造技术节能潜力,需要对建筑全年能耗进行计算,辨识建筑节能设计的薄弱部分并加以完善。然而,由于建筑围护结构材料的蓄热量、热阻等热工特性受室内外热湿环境的共同影响,建筑负荷具有较强的动态随机性。因此,考虑围护材料的热动态特性是对建筑负荷进行精准预测从而挖掘需求侧建筑节能潜力的关键。与此同时,在供应侧构建以清洁可再生能源为主体的建筑能源系统,也是减少建筑部门直接碳排的重要途径。打造供需协同多技术集成的建筑综合能源系统是建筑节能的必要选择。然而,当含有高阶微分项的建筑热环境动态模型与含较多跨时域方程的能源系统模型集成后,系统优化模型往往面临精确度差异和颗粒度不匹配的难题。基于上述原因,本文针对建筑综合能源系统的优化设计,提出一种考虑围护结构材料特性的建筑热环境动态模拟与能源系统集成规划的分层耦合优化方法。该方法在捕捉需求侧动态特性的同时,可实现对时变多维过程的降阶描述,从而为建筑全天候、全季节节能策略的灵活选择以及环境与经济效益权衡提供决策支持。论文的主要内容如下:第一章就国内外针对建筑负荷预测与热环境动态模拟、建筑围护结构节能改造和建筑能源系统低碳规划的研究进展进行综述,提出本文研究的切入点和创新性。第二章围绕需求侧展开,考虑围护结构节能材料的热工性能,采用状态空间建模方法对居住社区全年的基准能源需求进行动态模拟,通过被动式节能手段获得不同层次梯度的备选节能策略。第三章围绕供应侧展开,引入包含多种能源供应和存储技术的能源系统模型,将供给侧和需求侧模型进行耦合,建立供需协同规划的集成模型,并以经济性和环保性为目标对系统的设计方案和调度策略进行优化,确定整体最优的节能策略和技术组合。第四章以上海某社区型青年公寓节能改造项目为研究案例,验证本文方法及模型的可靠性和有效性。第五章概括总结论文的主要结论,并对下一步研究计划进行展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 As 80%of the carbon emissions in buildings originate from structural materials,the selection of sustainable alternative materials plays a pivotal role in the building energy-saving retrofit and construction process.To predict the energy-saving potential of various low-carbon building materials,it is necessary to calculate the building’s annual energy consumption to identify the weak links of the building energy design and improve them.However,the thermal properties such as heat storage and thermal resistance of the building envelope materials are influenced by the indoor and outdoor thermal environments,the building load is significantly dynamic and stochastic.Therefore,considering the thermal dynamic characteristics of envelope materials is the key to accurately forecasting building loads and thus exploiting the demand-side energy-saving potential of buildings.At the same time,it is also an important way to reduce direct carbon emissions from the building sector by constructing a building energy system with clean renewable energy as the main source on the supply side.It is a necessary choice for building energy efficiency to create an integrated building energy system with supply and demand synergy and multi-technology integration.However,when a dynamic model of the building thermal environment containing higher-order differential terms is integrated with an energy system model containing plenty of cross-temporal equations,the entire system optimization model often faces the challenges of accuracy differences and granularity mismatch.To address these issues,this study aims for the optimization design of building-integrated energy systems by proposing a hierarchical coupled optimization method for dynamic simulation of building thermal environment and integrated planning of energy system considering the material characteristics of envelope structure.The proposed method achieves a reduced-order description of time-varying multidimensional processes while capturing the dynamic characteristics of the demand side.In addition,this study provides decision support for the flexible selection of all-weather and all-season energy-saving strategies and the trade-off assessment between environmental and economic benefits.The major contents of this thesis are as follows:In Chapter 1,the progress of domestic and international research on building load forecasting and thermal environment dynamic simulation,building envelope energy-saving retrofit,as well as low carbon planning for building energy systems are reviewed.Based on the review,the motivation and contribution of this study are described.In Chapter 2,focusing on the demand side,the state space modeling method is used to dynamically simulate the baseline energy demand of the residential community throughout the year considering the thermal characteristics of envelope energy-saving materials.The alternative energy-saving strategies with different levels are obtained through passive energy-saving measures.In Chapter 3,focusing on the supply side,an energy system model containing multiple energy supply and storage technologies is introduced.It couples the supplyside and demand-side sub-models and eventually establishes an integrated model for synergistic planning of supply and demand sides.Furthermore,the system design solution and scheduling strategy are optimized with the objectives of economic and environmental performance to determine the overall optimal energy-saving strategies and technology portfolio.In Chapter 4,the proposed approach and models are verified by a case study of an energy-saving retrofit project of a community-based apartment in Shanghai.In Chapter 5,the main conclusions of this study are summarized,and an outlook on future research focus is provided.更多还原