【作者】 王鹏；

【导师】 张志培；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 人类学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 当前中国农业正面临着剧烈的转型,面向市场的商品化农业生产改造了农民的生活世界。本文采用人类学田野调查的方法,聚焦华北平原腹地一个从事商品化黄瓜生产的村庄——王庄村,以土地和劳动这两个不可分割的主题作为切入点,探究商品化的农业生产如何改造了农民对土地的利用方式以及自身的劳动过程,与此同时他们又保留着什么样的自主性和能动性。首先,本文梳理了技术的扩散和市场的变迁如何推动了王庄村的农业生产方式完成了从“内卷化”到“去内卷化”的转型。在此基础上本研究发现,农业技术的引进和市场对黄瓜种植过程的分割导致了该村庄农户之间生产规模上的分化,进而破坏了村庄原有的劳作互惠,促使农民选择了对土壤危害更严重的农业生产方式;此外,农民对市场的迎合加快了对地力的耗竭,进而导致了“病地”的产生。面对危机,部分农民通过调整作物种类、采用新技术以及克制农药化肥使用等多种途径,竭力地改造病地。由此可见,土地对于王庄农民而言不仅仅是单纯的生产资料,而是有着多重意义的生存基础。其次,本研究探究了商品化农业生产对农民劳动过程的改造,并发现农业劳动具有鲜明的包容性、创造性和自主性,与乡村社会、家庭生活存在密切的耦合。商品化农业生产对劳动过程的改造同时改变了农民本身的性质,而农业劳动的特性则赋予了农民自主性和“种地自由”的体验。最后,本文对本研究的理论价值进行探讨并展望乡土重建的未来。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,China’s agriculture is facing a drastic transformation.The market-oriented commercialized agricultural production has transformed the living world of peasants.This paper focuses on a village engaged in commercial cucumber production in the hinterland of the North China Plain—Wangzhuang,and utilizes the two inseparable themes of land and labor as the penetrating point,exploring how commercialized agricultural production has transformed the way peasants farm the land and their own labor process,and what kind of autonomy and agency they retain.First of all,this paper sorts out how the diffusion of technology and the change in the market have triggered the transformation of the agricultural production mode of Wangzhuang from "involution" to "de-involution".On this basis,this study found that the introduction of agricultural technology and the segmentation of the cucumber planting process by the market led to the differentiation of the production scale among peasants,which in turn destroyed the original labor reciprocity of the village,prompting farmers to choose more hazardous farming methods.In addition,farmers’ catering to the market accelerated the depletion of soil,which in turn led to the creation of "sick land".Some peasants have tried their best to transform sick land.It can be seen that for peasants,land is not only a simple means of production,but a basis for survival with multiple meanings.Secondly,this study explores the transformation of peasants’ labor process by commercial agricultural production,and finds that agricultural labor has the characteristics of inclusiveness,creativity and autonomy,which is closely coupled with rural society and family life.The transformation of the labor process by commercialized agricultural production also changes the nature of the farmers themselves,while the characteristics of agricultural labor endow farmers with the experience of autonomy and "freedom of farming".Finally,this paper discusses the theoretical value of this research and looks forward to the future of rural reconstruction.更多还原