【作者】 刘红梅；

【导师】 区晶莹；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 行政管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 垃圾分类一直是公共政策研究的重要议题,然而提升垃圾分类的效果,追求垃圾分类的绩效则是一个新的研究议题,也是当前最迫切需要研究者们探索的问题。实现垃圾分类绩效需要垃圾分类各环节无缝衔接、各个主体协同治理。只有把垃圾分类看做一个系统工程,才能实现垃圾分类的绩效。因此,本文以垃圾分类治理的改革区——广州市作为实证研究地点,以城市社区居民作为研究对象,运用非参与式观察、问卷研究等方法来探究垃圾分类绩效的影响因素及其提升路径。本文依据“揭示现状——实证分析——提出建议”的思路来展开研究。首先对垃圾分类绩效的现状分析。本研究运用非参与式观察法对垃圾分类“投放——收集——运输——处理”的流程进行实地研究。研究结果表明:第一,垃圾分类前端投放绩效不佳,主要表现为大多居民虽有投放的意识,但投放行为却不规范,仅有极少数居民能做到精准投放。第二,垃圾分类中端收集和运输的绩效不佳,主要表现为中端存在混收混运的违规操作情况。第三,垃圾分类末端处理绩效不佳,主要表现为末端处理方式单一、环境污染、资源利用率低等情况。在分析了垃圾分类全面绩效现状后,本研究采用问卷调查收集相关资料,运用方差分析、多元回归分析等统计学方法对垃圾分类绩效影响因素予以分析。研究结果表明:在显性影响因素中,家庭提前分类、小区监督、清运效率和垃圾成分比例等因素对垃圾分类绩效有较大影响。在隐性影响因素中,政府组织力量认同因素对垃圾分类的意识和绩效有较大影响,具体表现为政府组织的宣传和教育能否深入人心、居民对政府提供的便利性设施是否满意等方面。行为者本身的易塑性和惰性、居民对小区管理基础的认可对垃圾分类意识产生较大影响,并且垃圾分类意识和垃圾分类绩效的影响因素不一致。最后对改善城市社区垃圾分类绩效提出对策建议。第一,政府要“减形式,注实效”,提升垃圾分类的绩效。第二,在前端环节,政府要加强投放环节的监督,重点关注宣传和教育的效果,加强精准分类的培训,调动惰性居民的分类积极性;在中端环节,政府要加强清运效率,要加强对垃圾收运环节的监督;在后端环节,企业要加快技术革新,增加资源利用率,降低污染。第三,协同治理的实现应以全面绩效为载体,只有各个环节都能够实现绩效,才能实现最终的绩效目标。协同不是所有主体都同时聚集在某一环节同时发力,而是在分、投、运、处理四个环节中,被需要的主体能够做出恰如其分的贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Garbage classification has always been an important topic of public policy research.However,improving the effectiveness and effectiveness of garbage classification and pursuing the performance of garbage classification is a new research topic,and it is also the most urgently needed and most urgent problem for researchers to explore.The realization of waste sorting performance is a systematic project,which requires seamless connection of all links of waste sorting and coordinated governance of various subjects,so as to realize the coordinated performance of the whole process of waste sorting.In order to achieve this research purpose,this paper takes Guangzhou as the empirical research site and urban residents as the research subject,and uses non-participatory observation and questionnaire research to explore ways to improve the performance of waste classification.This article is based on the idea of "revealing the status quo-non-participatory observation-questionnaire research-empirical analysis-making recommendations".The specific research content and conclusions are as follows:(1)If you want to cure the disease,you must first see a doctor.To understand the current status of waste classification performance.This article conducts field research on the various links of "disposal-collection-transportation-treatment" of waste classification,and uses non-participatory observation method to collect and analyze the discharge data of residents.The results show that,first,the current poor performance of front-end waste sorting is mainly manifested in the fact that most residents are not conscious of the release,some have irregular placement behavior,a very small number of residents can achieve accurate release,and the front-end residents have low performance.The second is the poor performance of middle-end collection and transportation,which is mainly manifested in the serious irregularities in the collection and transportation of middle-end garbage,and there are many illegal operations in both collection and transportation.In the mid-end research stage,this research innovatively calculated the standard proportion of waste classification,and provided a data reference standard for measuring the performance of waste classification in the future.Finally,poor processing performance at the end is mainly manifested in the status quo of environmental pollution and low resource utilization in the processing methods.(2)After knowing the condition,it is necessary to find the cause.Therefore,this article explores the influencing factors of each link in accordance with the idea of placing-receiving-handling.Because the data acquisition method for these factors is available through observation and is a study of external factors,they are named "dominant factors".However,only by studying the “dominant factors”,it is impossible to understand the subject’s identification with external forces,and it is even more difficult to understand some of the subject’s information.Therefore,this article uses questionnaires to understand some of the residents’ psychological,habits,personal information and other factors,which are named “hidden factors".(3)Analyze the condition.This paper uses statistics and other methods to empirically analyze the “dominant factors” and “recessive factors” based on the above data.The conclusions are as follows: Among the dominant factors,the advance classification of front-end households and the supervision of the community will affect the performance of waste classification.Have a greater impact;the middle-end cleaning and transportation efficiency and the proportion of garbage components have a significant correlation with garbage classification.Among the hidden factors,in order to distinguish the influencing factors of garbage classification awareness and garbage classification performance,the classification awareness and classification performance are studied separately.In exploring the hidden factors of the awareness of garbage classification,first of all,residents play a very important role in the identification of power in government organizations,which is reflected in whether the publicity and education of government organizations can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people,and whether residents can provide convenience facilities provided by the government.Factors such as satisfaction have a greater impact on residents’ awareness and performance.Secondly,the plasticity and inertia of residents as actors themselves have a greater impact on the awareness of garbage classification.Finally,the residents’ recognition of the management foundation of the community also has a greater impact on the awareness of garbage classification.The influencing factors that affect the performance of garbage classification are different from the awareness of garbage classification.The main manifestation is that most of the factors that affect the awareness of garbage classification cannot affect the performance of garbage classification.Among many factors,only the intensity of publicity and education and individual inertia have an impact on waste classification.Therefore,to achieve waste classification performance,more attention should be paid to the accuracy of training and publicity and resistance to individual inertia.In addition,this research considers factors such as gender,age,political status,occupation,family structure,population,income,one’s own education level,mother’s education level,partner’s education level,residence time,household status,etc.The impact of performance measures the specific amount of rewards and punishments in order to provide more practical suggestions for policies.(4)Only after finding the cause of the disease can the medicine be prescribed,and relevant suggestions are given based on the research conclusions of this article.First,based on the current status of "paying attention to what is done and ignoring what is done" in various links,our future garbage classification work should "reduce the form and focus on the actual effect" and pay attention to the research on the performance of waste classification.Second,based on the research on the factors of garbage classification.The front-end needs the government to strengthen supervision during the release,pay attention to the effect of publicity and education,avoid carpet-like propaganda,and focus on the obstacles of individual inert residents to the performance of waste classification;the middle-end needs to strengthen the efficiency of cleaning and transportation to match the front-end and use "benchmarks " To rate the community to prevent the situation where it is difficult to judge whether the classification is good or bad;back-end enterprises must accelerate technological innovation,increase resource utilization,and reduce pollution.Third,the collaborative governance of all entities must be synergy with performance.The existence of collaborative governance must depend on the performance of the whole process.The realization of collaborative governance should take the performance of the whole process as the carrier.Only when all links can achieve performance can the final whole Process performance.Each process of garbage classification does not require all entities to coordinate.In the four links of separation,investment,transportation,and processing,all entities do not need to be coordinated,but each entity can make appropriate contributions when needed.更多还原