【作者】 李静；

【导师】 何保红；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,由于我国城市儿童选择步行、骑自行车等积极通学出行方式的比例下降,家长采用小汽车伴送通学出行的比例急剧增加,导致城市交通拥堵问题日益严重。因此,关于儿童伴送通学出行行为的研究已经成为当前城市交通规划领域的热点议题。儿童伴送通学作为家长通勤出行链中的一部分,其出行决策往往会受到家庭“住-校-职”空间关系、建成环境等外部物质制约要素以及家长通勤活动权衡等家庭内部交互关系的影响。然而,现有关于儿童伴送通学出行行为的研究大多仅关注建成环境或家庭决策等单一维度要素的影响,鲜有从外部时空制约以及家庭内部交互两个层面之间的协同作用关系出发,剖析儿童伴送通学出行决策机理,导致模型解释力不强。基于此,本文首先结合时间地理学和活动分析理论,构建基于时空行为视角下的城市双职工核心家庭儿童伴送通学出行决策过程研究理论框架,系统阐述了论文的研究思路及方法;其次,利用昆明市2016年居民出行调查数据分析了样本家庭的社会属性特征、活动出行特征、以及居住地和学校建成环境等要素的特征差异;最后,利用家庭“住-校-职”空间关系作为划分不同伴送通学空间模式的依据,得到四类典型伴送通学空间模式,并将其作为变量带入多项Logit模型和结构方程模型,分别对城市双职工核心家庭儿童上下学出行方式选择的影响机制以及伴送通学出行决策过程进行定量分析。研究结果表明:(1)儿童年龄、家庭小汽车以及电动车拥有量等属性特征对儿童上下学出行方式选择的影响较为显著;居住地建成环境对儿童上学出行方式选择的影响较大,而学校建成环境则对儿童放学出行方式选择的影响更为显著,且高密度、高混合度以及高公交可达性的建成环境可以显著提高儿童采用步行、公交等积极交通方式通学出行的可能性;相较于放学出行,儿童上学出行方式选择受家长通勤特征的影响更为显著,且与女家长通勤特征的相关性更强。(2)在以上研究基础上,进一步分析城市双职工核心家庭儿童伴送上学出行决策的影响机制。结果表明:在儿童伴送通学出行决策过程中,伴送主体具有最高优先级别,其次是通学出行方式的选择,最后决定了通学出行时长;家庭伴送通学空间特征对儿童通学出行各个层级的决策均有显著影响,当伴送通学空间结构相对聚集时,无论学校到男女家长工作地的距离是否相等,家庭决策都更倾向于女家长采用步行、非机动车等方式伴送儿童通学出行,且出行时间相对较短;当伴送通学空间结构较为分散时,即使学校到男女家长工作地的距离相等,甚至距男家长工作地更远时,家庭决策也更多表现为男家长采用小汽车接送儿童出行,且出行时间也相对更长。(3)与此同时,家庭伴送通学空间特征、居住地以及学校建成环境等外部物质制约因素也会透过男女家长通勤活动的交互关系,对儿童伴送通学出行行为决策产生间接影响。本文的研究成果有助于从时空间规划角度完善城市用地和功能布局,同时为“儿童友好型”城市规划和交通需求政策的制定与评估提供理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,due to the decline in the proportion of urban children in my country who choose to go to school by walking or cycling,the proportion of parents using cars to travel to school has increased sharply,resulting in an increasingly serious problem of urban traffic congestion.Therefore,the research on children’s travel behaviors when traveling to school has become a hot topic in the field of urban transportation planning.As part of the parent’s commute travel chain,children’s travel decisions are often affected by external material constraints such as the family’s "residence-school-work" spatial relationship,the built environment,and the family’s internal interactions such as the balance of parents’ commuting activities.However,most of the existing researches on children’s travel behaviors only focus on the impact of single-dimensional elements such as the built environment or family decision-making,and few analyze children from the synergistic relationship between external time and space constraints and internal interactions within the family.The decision-making mechanism of accompanying transportation to school,leading to the weak explanatory power of the model.Based on this,this article firstly combines temporal geography and activity analysis theory to construct a theoretical framework for the decision-making process of urban dual-employee nuclear family children’s accompanying school trips based on the perspective of temporal and spatial behavior,and systematically expounds the research ideas and methods of the thesis;secondly,it uses Kunming The city’s 2016 resident travel survey data analyzed the social attribute characteristics,activity travel characteristics,residential area and school built environment of the sample households.Finally,the family’s "residential-school-employment" spatial relationship was used to distinguish different partners.Based on the spatial model of sending to school,four types of typical spatial models of accompanying to school are obtained,and they are used as variables into multiple Logit models and structural equation models.The impact mechanism on the choice of travel modes for children from urban dual-career nuclear families and accompanying school Quantitative analysis of the decision-making process of general education travel.The research results show that:(1)Attribute characteristics such as children’s age,family car ownership and electric vehicle ownership have a significant impact on children’s choice of travel modes to and from school.The built environment of the residential area has a greater impact on the choice of children’s school travel mode,while the school’s built environment has a more significant impact on the choice of children’s school travel mode,and it has high density,high mixing,and high public transport accessibility and proximity.The built environment can significantly increase the possibility of children using active transportation such as walking and public transportation to travel to school.Compared with traveling after school,the choice of children’s travel mode to go to school is more significantly affected by the characteristics of their parents’ commuting,and has a stronger correlation with the characteristics of female parents’ commuting.(2)On the basis of the above research,further analyze the influence mechanism of urban dual-employee nuclear family children’s accompanying school trip decisionmaking.The results show that in the decision-making process of children’s accompanying school travel,the subject of accompanying school travel has the highest priority,followed by the choice of school travel mode,and finally determines the length of school travel.The spatial characteristics of family companionship and school travel have a significant impact on children’s decision-making at all levels of school travel.When the spatial structure of companionship and school travel is relatively concentrated,regardless of whether the distance between the school and the work place of male and female parents is equal,family decision-making is more inclined to be adopted by female parents Walking,non-motorized vehicles,etc.accompany children to school,and the travel time is relatively short;when the space structure of accompany to school is relatively scattered,even if the distance between the school and the work place of the male and female parents is equal,or even further away from the work place of the male parent,Family decision-making is also more manifested in the fact that male parents use cars to pick up and drop off their children,and the travel time is relatively longer.(3)At the same time,external material constraints such as the spatial characteristics of the family companionship,residence,and school built environment will also have an indirect influence on the decision-making of children’s companionship and school travel through the interaction of male and female parents’ commuting behavior.The research results of this article will help to improve the urban land and functional layout from the perspective of spatial and temporal planning,and at the same time provide theoretical support for the formulation and evaluation of "child-friendly" urban planning and transportation demand policies.更多还原