【作者】 王欣；

【导师】 兰思仁；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 风景园林学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 旅游业的蓬勃发展在带来经济与社会效益的同时,也产生了一系列资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化等负面影响。为了避免生态环境继续遭受不可逆转的破坏,作为我国新兴的保护地类型,国家公园试图改善保护与开发之间的矛盾,在保护生态环境和自然资源的前提上,适当提供游憩、教育、科研等功能,实现资源的科学保护与合理利用,达到人与自然的和谐统一。作为我国现有的国家公园体制试点单位之一,福建武夷山是其中唯一兼具世界自然遗产与世界文化遗产的双遗产地,具有重要的研究意义。在国家公园建设中,如何平衡保护珍稀资源与合理规划利用之间的关系,在形成国家公园的同时,又不破坏原有资源环境的完整性和原真性,实现其可持续发展,是目前亟待解决的问题。本研究以福建武夷山国家公园为例,通过梳理国内外国家公园的概念、发展历程与管理经验,结合福建武夷山国家公园建设与规划的内涵、目的与意义,采用文献研究、实地调查等方法,从自然因子与人类活动因子两个方面入手,整理分析武夷山国家公园的自然资源数据,最终筛选出高程、坡度、坡向、地层岩性、土壤类型、水文、植被覆盖度、植被类型、道路交通、土地利用类型,共计10个评价因子,采用德尔菲法与层次分析法确定各因子的权重,其中对武夷山国家公园生态敏感性影响较大的高程、坡度、植被覆盖度与土地利用应重点保护。运用ArcGIS的空间分析功能分析各评价因子并进行分级,采用加权叠加法进行计算,结果认为武夷山国家公园的综合生态敏感性较低。将其分为5个敏感等级区域,即极敏感区、高敏感区、中敏感区、低敏感区与不敏感区,公园以高敏感区和中敏感区域为主,大体分布规律是由西北向东南降低。保护与管理力度逐步降低,开发与开放程度逐步提高。通过将5个敏感区域与武夷山国家公园试点规划的功能分区进行比较,分析现有区划的不足,对特别保护区、严格控制区、生态修复区和传统利用区4个区域边界范围进行调整,并基于实地现状,结合试点建设过程中暴露出的矛盾、问题提出针对4个区划的对策与建议,为武夷山国家公园的规划管理提供参考意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 The booming development of tourism not only brings economic and social benefits,but also produces a series of negative effects,such as resource shortage,serious environmental pollution,ecosystem degradation and so on.In order to avoid continued irreversible destruction of the ecological environment,as a new type of protected land in our country,national parks try to improve the contradiction between protection and development.On the premise of protecting the ecological environment and natural resources,national parks provide recreation,education,scientific research and other functions to realize the scientific protection and rational use of resources,and achieve the harmony and unity of man and nature.As one of the ten pilot units of national park system in China,Mount Wuyi of Fujian is the only one with both the world natural heritage and the world cultural heritage,which has important research significance.In the construction of the national park,it is an urgent problem that how to balance the relationship between the protection of rare resources and the rational planning and utilization of the national park,while forming the national park,without destroying the integrity and authenticity of the original resources and environment,and achieving sustainable development.The problem must to be solved at present.Taking Wuyishan National Park of Fujian as an example,this research reviewed the concept,development process and management experience of domestic and foreign national parks,combined with the connotation,purpose and significance of the construction and planning of Wuyishan National Park,collated and analyzed the natural resources data of the national park from two aspects of natural factor and human activity factor by means of literature research and field investigation,finally sorted out elevation,slope,aspect,lithology,soil type,hydrology,vegetation cover,vegetation form,road,land use type,a total of 10 evaluation factors.Using Delphi method and AHP method to determine the weight of each factor,the elevation,slope,vegetation cover and land use type which have great influence on the ecological sensitivity should be protected.Based on the spatial analysis of GIS analyzed and classified evaluation factors,and the weighted superposition method is used to calculate the results.The results show that the comprehensive ecological sensitivity of Wuyishan National Park is low.Then divided the park into five sensitive level areas:extreme sensitive area,high sensitive area,medium sensitive area,low sensitive area and non-sensitive area.The park is mainly in the high sensitive area and the medium sensitive area,and the general distribution law decreases from northwest to southeast.The intensity of protection and management is gradually reduced,and the degree of development and opening is gradually improved.At last,compared and analyzed the five sensitive areas with the functional zoning of Wuyishan National Park pilot planning,analyzed the shortcomings of the existing zoning,adjusted four region boundary ran of special protected area,strict control area,ecological restoration area,traditional utilization area.Based on the present situation in the field,combined with the contradictions and problems exposed in the construction of the pilot project,put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the planning and management of Wuyishan National Park.更多还原