战略文化视域下的印度不结盟外交政策研究

【作者】 李宁；

【导师】 曲博；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 国际关系， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 斯蒂芬·沃尔特的威胁平衡论认为,一个国家会通过寻求外部结盟来平衡对本国构成重大威胁的国家。但是,1962年中印边境自卫反击战以印度方面失败而告终,中印两国在边界地区大多数时间都处于紧张状态,印度将中国看作其威胁和假想敌。但是,1962年印度战败后却始终没有突破结盟的底限。本文认为,印度之所以始终不突破结盟的底限,其根本原因在于印度独特的战略文化。印度的战略文化具有现实主义的特征,印度的战略文化包括两个组成部分:固有观念和行为模式。印度战略文化中的固有观念包含印度对道德、军事力量、暴力等问题的看法以及印度的大国情结。而印度战略文化中的行为模式则体现在印度的“有限度合作观”上面。印度战略文化中的这种现实主义的特征根植于印度独特的自然环境、历史、文化,社会结构中,因此可以认为,当印度独立以后,印度的战略文化已经定型,具有高度的现实主义性质。印度现实主义的战略文化具有三种作用,第一,决定了印度的战略目标,即成为一个有声有色的大国;第二,框定了印度实现这一战略目标的方式方法。换而言之,印度独特的战略文化约束了印度面临威胁时对外结盟的选择,当国际体系结构发生变化的时候,尽管印度希望借助外部大国的力量去达成平衡的目标,但是印度独特的战略文化会将印度的安全政策局限在不结盟的框架之内;第三,在不结盟的框架内指导印度的政策选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stephen Walter’s threat balance theory suggests that a country will balance the country that poses the greatest threat to its own country by seeking external alliances.However,the 1962 Sino Indian border war ended with the failure of the Indian side,and the two countries were in a state of tension in the border area for most of the time.India regarded China as a threat and a hypothetical enemy.However,after India’s defeat in 1962,it never broke the bottom line of alliance.This article believes that the fundamental reason why India has never broken the bottom line of alliance is due to India’s unique strategic culture.India’s strategic culture has the characteristics of realism,and it consists of two components: inherent concepts and behavioral patterns.The inherent concepts in India’s strategic culture include India’s views on issues such as morality,military power,violence,and India’s great power complex.The behavioral patterns in India’s strategic culture are reflected in India’s "limited cooperation concept".The characteristics of realist strategic culture in India are rooted in its unique natural environment,history,culture,and social structure.Therefore,it can be considered that after India’s independence,its strategic culture had already been shaped and had a high degree of realism.The strategic culture of Indian realism has three functions: firstly,it determines India’s strategic goal of becoming a vibrant and powerful country;secondly,it frames the ways and means for India to achieve this strategic goal.In other words,India’s unique strategic culture constrains its choice of external alliance when facing threats.When the international system structure changes,although India hopes to leverage the power of external powers to achieve the goal of balance,India’s unique strategic culture will limit India’s security policy to the framework of non alliance;The third is to guide India’s policy choices within the framework of non alignment.更多还原