【作者】 刘爽；

【导师】 张晏瑲；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济全球化的迅速发展,海上运输已经凭借其运输量大、运输成本低、应用范围广泛的优势,成为国际物流的重要组成部分,而确保海上货物运输安全则成为当今社会促进国家间经济交往、推动全球经济发展的必备条件。但是近年来,海上交通的安全面临极大的挑战,其中最严峻的挑战就是位于高风险海域的海盗行为。与海盗的活动相对应,私人保安公司在海上护航业务方面发展迅速,逐渐成为保护船员和船舶安全的重要力量。在21世纪的今天,已经有越来越多的航运企业倾向选择私人保安公司作为保护船只航行安全的手段,以此实现对海盗活动的有效防范和抵御。因此,学术界和实践领域也纷纷开始探讨私人保安公司在海上执行任务时可能面临的法律风险以及相应的法律纠纷。当前,私人保安公司在海上武装护航方面的行为已成为全球关注的焦点,本文旨在探讨这一领域的法律问题,并结合多方观点,提出自己的见解。随着国际社会海上安全的日益严峻,私人保安公司作为一种新兴事物,受到了公法私法化理论的推动,但由于缺乏国际条约的约束和国内立法的规范,使得它们处于法律真空状态,法律性质模糊不清,法律责任归属不明,因此针对私人保安公司的专项国际条约的制定就尤为重要。本文的第一部分明确了私人保安公司的概念及其未来的发展方向,指出其与传统的私人军事公司的不同,在当今海运背景下,存在着必要的、可行的需求。本文的第二部分将探讨私人保安公司在海上提供武装护卫的合法性。作为一个独立的私法主体,私人保安公司的活动应遵守相关的法律规定。私人保安公司的存在目前受到国际社会的认可,且已经制定了相关国际标准来指导他们的业务活动;武力护航已经不再是一种非法手段,该行为具备一定的合法性,但缺少相应的国际条约进行规制。因此本文建议完善相关国际立法,以确保私人保安公司的权益得到充分的保障。在第三部分,文章将对美国、英国的国内立法进行比较研究,并对不同国家相关立法的名称、效力和内容作出评价,为我国的相关法律制定提供参考。在第四部分,文章将深入探讨当前中国私人保安公司在海上武装护航方面的法律情况,并基于之前的研究成果,给出相应的法律建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 21 st century,the transportation of goods by sea has become an important component of international logistics,with an extremely wide range of applications.Ensuring its transportation safety has become a necessary condition for today’s social and economic development.In recent years,the safety of maritime traffic has been greatly challenged,with the most severe problem being piracy in high-risk waters.Private security companies have developed rapidly in maritime escort business,becoming an important force in protecting the safety of crew and ships.As more and more shipping companies attach importance to this approach,private security companies have become an important means of protecting the personal and property safety of crew members,achieving effective prevention and resistance against pirate activities.Due to the rapid growth of private security companies’ business,both academic and practical fields have begun to pay attention to the legal risks and corresponding legal disputes that private security companies may face when carrying out tasks at sea.Currently,the behavior of private security companies in the field of armed escort at sea has become a global focus of attention.This article aims to explore legal issues in this field and combine multiple perspectives to propose its own views.With the increasingly severe maritime safety in the international community,private security companies,as an emerging thing,have been promoted by the theory of privatization of public law.However,due to the lack of constraints from international treaties and norms from domestic legislation,they are in a legal vacuum,with unclear legal nature and legal responsibility.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce international treaties as soon as possible to regulate the development of private security companies.The first part explores the concept of private security companies and their future development direction,pointing out their differences from traditional private military companies.In today’s maritime context,there are necessary and feasible needs.The second part of this article will explore the legality of private security companies providing armed escort at sea.As an independent private law entity,the activities of private security companies should comply with relevant legal provisions.The existence of private security companies is currently recognized by the international community and relevant international standards have been established to guide their business activities;Military escort is no longer an illegal means,and this behavior has certain legitimacy,but lacks corresponding international treaties to regulate it.Therefore,this article suggests improving relevant international legislation to ensure that the rights and interests of private security companies are fully protected.In the third part,a comparative study will be conducted on domestic legislation in the United States and the United Kingdom,and an evaluation will be made on the names,effectiveness,and content of relevant legislation in different countries,providing reference for China’s legal development.In the fourth part,this article will delve into the current legal situation of Chinese private security companies in the field of maritime armed escort,and provide corresponding regulatory recommendations based on previous research results.更多还原