【作者】 刘红；

【导师】 郑红星；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 物流工程与管理， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 以大宗干散货为主要货运对象的不定期船舶运输始终在世界海运贸易中占据着重要地位,且随着航运市场的竞争加剧,对不定期船舶运输也提出了更高的要求。不定期船运输不同于班轮运输,没有固定的航线、挂靠港和船期表,并且不定期船航运市场货物运输需求具有极大的不确定性,这都使得不定期船运输具有很高的灵活性。在这种运输模式下,思考如何在满足船舶原有货运任务运输要求的基础上,在航行过程中为船舶再揽收到合适的货运任务,不仅可以提高船舶利用率、扩大市场份额,还有利于提升收益。因此,在航运市场上需求变动的情形下,如何制定科学、合理的船舶调度方案,最大化利用船舶运力,增加企业收益,提升航运企业的市场份额和竞争力是相关各方研究的热点问题之一。本文在系统分析引起市场需求变动的影响因素的基础上,研究了不定期船舶调度优化问题。首先,重点考虑船舶航行过程中航运市场上出现的新增货运任务,设计了再调度机制,包括判断阶段和决策阶段:1)在判断阶段,通过合理地设置阈值,并与其货运任务的预期收益作比较,以判断是否需要对船舶进行再调度,以避免航运企业出现频繁的再调度,对船舶正常作业造成不利影响;2)在决策阶段,提出了跨航线加挂、原航线反挂和甩货跳港三种船舶调度策略,在此基础上构建了以计划期内所有船舶总利润最大为目标的数学模型,并兼顾货物时间窗和船舶运力限制等。其次,基于本文问题的特点,在微正则模拟退火算法的基础上,融入了大邻域搜索策略和能量激励策略,设计了改进微正则模拟退火算法,增强了算法的全局搜索能力,避免求解过程中陷入局部最优,提升算法性能。最后,以一个已将多艘不定期船舶布置在某一固定区域的航运企业为例进行实验分析,分别设计了方案有效性实验、算法科学性实验和敏感性分析实验。通过实验验证了本文方案和算法的有效性和优越性。并通过敏感性分析实验,分析了阈值、船舶装载率和计划期内新增货运任务量对船舶调度方案的影响。通过本文的研究与分析,可为运营不定期船舶的航运企业求解科学、合理的船舶再调度方案提供理论支持和实际运营参考。这一思路通过考虑了船舶在航行过程中市场上出现的新增货运任务,使船舶调度更加匹配市场需求,满足企业发展需要,为航运企业提升收益和市场竞争力提供助力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tramp ship,which mainly takes dry bulk cargoes as cargo object,has always occupied an important position in the world maritime trade,and with the intensified competition in the shipping market,higher requirements have been put forward for the tramp ship transportation.Unlike liner transportation,there is no fixed route,port of call and schedule,and the demand for cargo transportation in the tramp ship shipping market has great uncertainty,which makes the tramp ship transportation highly flexible.Under this mode of transportation,thinking about how to meet the ship’s original freight task transportation requirements on the basis of the ship in the course of navigation for the ship to receive the appropriate freight task again,not only can improve the utilization rate of the ship,expand market share,but also help to improve the fleet revenue.Therefore,under the situation of demand changes in the shipping market,how to make scientific and reasonable ship scheduling plan,maximize the use of ship capacity,increase the fleet revenue and enhance the market share and competitiveness of shipping enterprises is one of the hot issues studied by all parties concerned.Based on the systematic analysis of the influencing factors causing the change of market demand,this thesis researches the optimization problem of tramp ship scheduling.Firstly,it focuses on the new cargo tasks appearing in the shipping market during the voyage of ships,and designs the re-dispatch mechanism,including the judgment stage and the decision stage: 1)In the judgment stage,by reasonably setting the threshold value and comparing it with the expected revenue of its cargo tasks,in order to judge whether the ships need to be re-dispatched,so as to avoid the frequent re-dispatch of shipping enterprises,which may adversely affect the normal operation of ships;2)In the decision-making stage,three ship scheduling strategies are proposed,such as cross-route addition,original route reversal and cargo dumping and port hopping,on the basis of which a mathematical model is constructed with the objective of maximizing the total profit of all ships during the planning period,taking into account the cargo time window and ship capacity limitation,etc.Secondly,based on the characteristics of the problem in this thesis,the improved micro-regular simulated annealing algorithm is designed based on the micro-regular simulated annealing algorithm,incorporating the large neighborhood search strategy and the energy excitation strategy,which enhances the global search capability of the algorithm,avoids falling into local optimum during the solution process,and improves the performance of the algorithm.Finally,an experimental analysis is carried out on a shipping enterprise that has arranged multiple tramp ships in a fixed area,and experiments on scheme validity,algorithm scientificity and sensitivity analysis are designed respectively.The validity and superiority of the scheme and algorithm of this thesis are verified through experiments.And through the sensitivity analysis experiment,the influence of threshold value,ship loading rate and new cargo task volume in the planning period on the ship scheduling scheme is analyzed.The research and analysis of this thesis can provide theoretical support and practical operation reference for shipping enterprises operating irregular ships to solve scientific and reasonable ship rescheduling scheme.This idea makes the ship scheduling match the market demand more and meet the development needs of enterprises by considering the new cargo tasks appearing in the market during the voyage of the ships,and provides a boost to the shipping enterprises to improve their revenue and market competitiveness.更多还原