【作者】 张蕊；

【导师】 刘起林；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 1990年代的国有企业转型时期,产业工人经历了巨大的命运转变和心理冲突,“现实主义冲击波”内外的小说对此进行了丰富而深入的审美表现。本文以相关创作中的产业工人形象为研究对象,梳理他们面对职业困境、社会矛盾的心理情感态度和行为选择特征,分析他们在新的人生路口的价值观难题,探讨文学创作工人主体性的忧思与重构,从而揭示中国社会经济转型期产业工人的精神人格特征。从五四新文化运动中的“劳动神圣”口号,到十七年文学的“工人主人翁”形象,中国的工人形象话语具有深厚的历史渊源。1990年代“现实主义冲击波”创作思潮内外的相关作品,描述了社会转型特色鲜明的产业工人形象。他们的共同特征是坚守固有的职业思维、阶层品格,却一时难以适应市场经济大潮,从而普遍表现出一种被动、失落的心理状态。在此基础之上,作家们深入揭示了产业工人群体在职业困境中的品格和操守。老一辈工人保留着“爱厂如家”的优良传统,面对新的时代问题充满着道德的义愤和怀旧的情感;工厂领导层在企业改制与不可避免的“权力”话语的压力下,于进退维谷的管理难题中展现出国企改制的深层次问题与困境;广大一线工人在躁动与迷茫交织中的心理状态中,却仍然显示出良好的职业操守。产业工人职业困境背后的时代与个人原因也得到了多侧面的揭示。市场经济体制在更广泛意义上定义了“劳动者”,导致了产业工人群体的身份认同危机;都市文化的欲望化、世俗化趋势,导致了产业工人地位下滑过程中的屈辱心理;工人职业的技术专门性本是一种群体优势,反而使他们一时难以主动融入市场经济大潮。1990年代的工业题材小说对重建工人主体性也进行了丰富的探索。对科学技术力量的召唤和资本话语的批判,确立了作品的思想高度;以道德书写的审美路径为工人群体正名,在工厂劳动景观中以“人治”方式营造工业生产乌托邦,表明作家既有审美动机的庄严性,又存在创作观念的局限性;关注工人个体的精神世界,细描其心理状态和情感波动,丰富了工人形象的人文内涵;将转型困境的“阵痛”承担与工人主体崇高性同时呈现出来,则显示出作家对产业工人群体的精神敬重和审美认同特征。1990年代工人题材小说所塑造的工人形象,既具有深厚的社会认识价值,又具有悲怆激越的审美情感,相关创作的艺术魅力与文学史意义由此充分表现出来。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the transformation period of state-owned enterprises in the 1990 s,industrial workers experienced tremendous changes in fate and psychological conflicts,and novels inside and outside the "Realistic Shock Wave" have provided rich and in-depth aesthetic expression of this.This article takes the image of industrial workers in related creations as the research object,combs their psychological,emotional,attitude,and behavioral choice characteristics in the face of occupational difficulties and social contradictions,analyzes their difficult values at the new crossroads of life,and explores the anxiety and restructuring of the subjectivity of literary creation workers,thereby deeply revealing the spiritual and personality characteristics of industrial workers in China’s socio-economic transition.From the slogan of "Labor Sacred" in the May 4th New Culture Movement to the image of "Worker Master" in the seventeen year literature,the discourse of Chinese worker images has profound historical origins.Related works within and outside the "Realistic Shock Wave" creative trend in the 1990 s describe the image of industrial workers with distinctive social transformation characteristics.Their common characteristic is that they adhere to their inherent professional thinking and class character,but it is temporarily difficult to adapt to the tide of market economy,and thus form a passive and lost general psychology.On this basis,the writers have deeply revealed the character and integrity of industrial workers in their professional dilemmas.The older generation of workers have retained the fine tradition of "loving the factory as home",and are full of moral indignation and nostalgic feelings in the face of new era issues;Under the pressure of enterprise restructuring and the inevitable "power" discourse,the factory leadership has demonstrated its utmost game playing skills and operational wisdom in the dilemma of management;The vast number of frontline workers still show good professional ethics in their psychological state of agitation and confusion.The era and personal reasons behind the occupational difficulties of industrial workers have also been revealed from multiple perspectives.The market economy system defines "workers" in a broader sense,leading to a crisis of identity among workers;The desire and secularization trend of urban culture has led to the humiliating psychology of industrial workers in the process of declining their status;The technical specialization of workers’ occupations is originally a group advantage,but it makes it difficult for them to actively integrate into the market economy.The industrial novels of the 1990 s also made rich explorations in rebuilding the subjectivity of workers.The call to the power of science and technology and the criticism of capital discourse have established the ideological height of the work;Using the aesthetic path of moral writing to correct the name of the workers’ group,thereby creating a positive and positive environment for the restructuring of state-owned enterprises in the factory labor landscape,laying a solid foundation for aesthetic integrity;Paying attention to the spiritual world of individual workers and carefully depicting their psychological state and emotional fluctuations enriches the humanistic connotation of the image of workers;The simultaneous presentation of the transformation dilemma and the sublimity of the workers’ subject shows the writers’ spiritual respect and aesthetic identity towards the image of workers.The images of workers portrayed in the novels about workers in the 1990 s not only have profound social cognitive value,but also have a sorrowful and passionate aesthetic emotion.Therefore,the artistic charm and significance of literary history of relevant creations are fully demonstrated.更多还原